耕作方式与秸秆还田对冬小麦/夏玉米籽粒糖类积累和产量的影响  

Effects of Tillage Methods and Straw Returning on Grain Carbohydrate Accumulation and Yield under Winter Wheat-Summer Corn Cropping System

作　　者：赵华桐 周舫 颜红[1] 栾培军 张建朋[1] 冯宇鹏[3] 陈国庆[3] 宁堂原[3] 

机构地区：[1]龙口市农业技术推广中心,山东龙口265701 [2]龙口市诸由观镇农业综合服务站,山东龙口265705 [3]山东农业大学农学院,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2014年第1期32-36,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B07;2011BAD21B06);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);国家自然科学基金项目(30900876;31101127);山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题共同资助

摘　　要：试验设在冬小麦/夏玉米轮作区的长期定位大田中,在常规耕作、旋耕、耙耕和免耕4种耕作方式下分别设置秸秆还田与不还田两种处理,研究不同耕作方式与秸秆还田与否对小麦、玉米收获期籽粒可溶性糖含量、蔗糖含量及淀粉累积的影响。结果表明:收获期籽粒中淀粉的合成与蔗糖的积累量、可溶性糖含量没有明显的关系,在淀粉积累量较低的耕作方式下,蔗糖含量与可溶性糖含量却没有相应的降低,说明籽粒的贮存容量和物质转化能力成为影响淀粉积累的主要因素。旋耕和免耕的籽粒贮存容量和物质转化能力明显高于耙耕与常规耕作,从而使千粒重明显增加,加之耕作对穗数的影响,最终表现为旋耕与免耕的产量较高。秸秆还田有利于小麦产量的增加,但对玉米产量的影响不大。因此,少免耕配合秸秆还田有利于籽粒的充实,从而提高作物产量。The experiment was set in the fields with long -term rotation of winter wheat and summer maize.Under the four tillage methods including no tillage （NT）, harrow tillage （HT）, rotary tillage （RT） and conventional tillage （ CT） , the straw returning （ R） or not （ NR） were designed to study their influence on contents of soluble sugar and sucrose , starch accumulation and yield of grains in harvest period .The results showed that the starch synthesis had no obvious correlation with sucrose accumulation and soluble sugar con -tent.Under the tillage method with lower starch accumulation , the contents of sucrose and soluble sugar didn ’t decline , which indicated storage capacity and transformation ability were the major factors influencing starch synthesis .The grain storage capacity and matter transforming ability of RT and NT were obviously higher than those of HT and CT , which led to the obvious increase of 1 000-grain weight , so RT and NT had higher grain＆amp;nbsp;yield.Straw returning was benefit to the increase of wheat yield , but had fewer effects on corn yield .There-fore, reduced tillage with straw returning was in favor of grain filling and yield increasing .

关 键 词：耕作 秸秆还田 小麦 玉米 糖类 产量 

分 类 号：S512.110.1[农业科学—作物学] S513.01