不同负荷方案速度型间歇训练专项特征的比较研究  

Compared Research on the Special Load Features of Different Sprint Interval Training Programs

作　　者：马国强[1,2] 李之俊[2] 梁效忠[3] 倪大海[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海体育学院运动科学学院,上海200438 [2]上海体育科学研究所,上海200030 [3]上海体育职业学院,上海201100

出　　处：《体育科学》2014年第2期34-39,94,共7页China Sport Science

基　　金：上海市体育局科研攻关与科技服务课题(12JT013)

摘　　要：目的:分析骑行次数不变和次数递减的两种功率车SIT方案运动负荷间的差异,并探讨不同运动强度对踏蹬效率的影响。方法:采用配对设计将14名男性自行车运动员分入骑行次数不变组(Constant group,CG)和骑行次数递减组(Decreased group,DG),每组7名。两组在连续4周内完成8节SIT课,每节训练课进行4组、总次数为20次的骑行,其中,CG组4组骑行次数为5-5-5-5次,DG组为8-6-4-2次;两组SIT的骑行和间歇时间均为20s和10s,踏频要求高于120rpm。训练采用Wattbike Pro功率自行车(英国),电磁和空气阻力分别设为1档和7档,采样频率100 Hz。测试分析指标包括踏蹬频率、速度、功率、功、踏蹬力、力矩、达到最大力值的时间和角度、心率、血乳酸等。分别采用配对检验和Pearson相关对数据进行统计学检验。结果:DG组完成第4组骑行时的平均频率显著高于CG组。DG组与CG组Pmean和Vmean的变化趋势相反,在完成第3、4组骑行时显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。虽然DG组组内Wtotal逐渐降低,但4组总功较CG组高15.6%(P<0.05)。DG组HRmean逐渐下降,但第4组后的即刻BLa较CG组高6.4%(P<0.05)。DG组Fmean和Mmean逐渐增加,并在完成后3组骑行时显著高于CG组(P<0.05)。两实验组Fmean较CVmean与Pmean之间的相关性更高,且组间差异不明显。CG组Emean与Wmean出现相同的下降趋势,相反,DG组则有所升高,并在完成后2组骑行时显著高于CG组(P<0.05);DG组完成第4组骑行时达到最大力值的时间和角度均明显小于CG组(P<0.05)。结论:次数递减的SIT方案可使运动员在完成相同次数骑行时达到更高的运动强度和运动量,并降低疲劳对踏蹬效率的影响。Objectives：This paper analyses the differences between the two sprint interval train ing （SIT） programs of riding numbers constant and riding numbers decreased with the bicycle ergometer, and investigates the effect of exercise intensity on the cycling efficiency. Methods： 14 male cyclists were separated into the riding number constant group （CG） and the riding number decreased group （DG） with the paired design. Each group included seven subjects. Both groups performed eight SIT sessions in four consecutive weeks. Each training sessions in- cluded four sets with twenty riding times totally. The riding times of CG group was 5-5-5-5 and I~ group was 8-6 4-2. The riding and intermittent time of SIT were 20s and 10s respec- tively and cadence should keep 120rpm above. The Wattbike Pro cycle ergometer （UK） was applied. The magnetic climb and Air Brake Gear were set at level 1 and level 7 respectively, and the sampling rate was 100Hz. The cadence, speed, power, work, force, torque, HR, BLa, angle and time to force peak were analyzed. Results： 1） The mean power of 1~ group in the 4th set was obvious higher than CG group. 2） The Pmean~ s and Vmean＇ s variation trend of IX3 were in the opposite of the CG, which were significant higher than CG in the 3~d and 4th set （P%0. 05）. The set Wtotal of DG reduced gradually, but the total energy of four sets riding of DG was 15.6% higher than CG（P%0.05）. The HRmean of IX3 also reduced gradually, hut the immediate BLa of EG after the 4th set was 6.4% higher than CG （P%0.05）. 3） Fmean and Mmean of DG group gradually increased, and were significant higher than CG in the last three sets （P%0.05）. The Fmean ~s correlation with Pmean was higher than CVmean in both groups, and there was no difference between groups. 4） Emean and Wmean of CG group ap- peared the same downward trend, instead EG group was increased and was significant higher than CG group in the last two sets （P%0.05）. The time and angle to force peak of EG group were less

关 键 词：速度型间歇训练 功率自行车 运动强度 骑行效率 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]