中性浮力地面实验模拟航天器空间运动研究  

Research on Motion of Spacecraft's Simulating by Neutral Buoyancy Experiment

作　　者：马岩[1] 朱战霞[1] 魏奇章 

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航天学院,陕西西安710072

出　　处：《计算机仿真》2014年第2期131-135,共5页Computer Simulation

基　　金：国家高技术研究计划资助(2010AA0241)

摘　　要：中性浮力可以提供仿真空间运动所需的六自由度微重力环境,是验证航天技术重要的地面实验技术。选取空间多脉冲临近机动作为地面模拟任务,基于相似性原理对所选空间任务进行设计规划,对中性浮力地面实验仿真空间运动进行了研究。中性浮力实验中,液体环境下的流体阻力是影响地面实验精度的首要因素。结合数值计算和软件仿真,分析估算了中性浮力实验中的流体阻力。针对实验系统流体阻力的补偿问题,设计了采用PID的阻力补偿控制方案,使设计的控制器既有PID控制的过程实现性,又有模糊控制的智能自适应性。利用MATLAB软件搭建了仿真系统模型,对中性浮力实验体运动进行闭环仿真,结果表明补偿控制满足控制精度要求,为中性浮力地面实验具有重要的参考价值。The neutral buoyancy experiment can be employed to provide a 6 - DOF microgravity situation for simulating the motion of orbiting spacecrafts. Hence, it is an important ground experiment technology in aerospace engi- neering. In this paper, the neutral buoyancy experiment was carried out. We chose multiple pulses approaching ma- neuvering as the task of the ground simulation. Based on the principle of similarity, we designed the desired space missions. Normally, fluid resistance was considered to be the primary error factor in the buoyancy experiment. To re- duce this limitation, numerical methods were used to estimate the fluid resistance, and a fluid resistance compensa- tion technique was developed based on the fuzzy PID control scheme. The designed controller has two merits： the broad applicability from the PID control, and the intelligent adaptability from the fuzzy control. In addition, a simula- tion model for the buoyancy experiment was built using Matlab. Finally, the numerical results show that compensating controls meet the required control accuracy. The present research is promised to be a pioneering work for neutral buoyancy ground experiments.

关 键 词：中性浮力 空间临近机动 相似性原理 模糊自适应控制 

分 类 号：V448.253[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]