呼伦贝尔草原六种牧草青贮特性研究  

Study on the Characteristics of Several Forage Silages in Hulunbuir Grasssland

作　　者：王红梅[1,2] 陶雅[2] 孙启忠[2] 花梅[1,2] 司丙文[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [3]中国农业科学院饲料研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2014年第1期58-63,共6页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203042);中央级公益性科研院所草原研究所基本科研业务费专项(1610332013010)

摘　　要：以呼伦贝尔草原贝加尔针茅、野豌豆、圆柱披碱草、黄花草木樨、黄花苜蓿、羊草为研究对象,测定原料草及青贮干物质、粗蛋白质、可溶性碳水化合物、中性洗涤纤维及酸性洗涤纤维含量等的变化,同时测定了原料草的缓冲能和青贮的发酵品质(包括微生物数量、有机酸含量和氨态氮占总氮比例等指标)。结果表明:羊草、贝加尔针茅和圆柱披碱草原料草缓冲能值均显著低于野豌豆、黄花草木樨和黄花苜蓿(P<0.05);不同牧草种间,原料草和青贮化学成分指标均存在显著差异(P<0.05);禾本科牧草贝加尔针茅、圆柱披碱草和羊草的干物质、可溶性碳水化合物和中性洗涤纤维含量均显著高于豆科牧草野豌豆、黄花草木樨和黄花苜蓿,粗蛋白质含量则相反(P<0.05)。与原料草相比,青贮后各材料干物质、可溶性碳水化合物和中性洗涤纤维含量均呈明显降低趋势,而CP和ADF含量的变化较小。羊草、贝加尔针茅和黄花苜蓿青贮的乳酸含量较高,无丁酸生成,pH值较低,氨态氮含量较低,青贮质量为优;野豌豆和圆柱披碱草青贮质量为良好;黄花草木樨青贮乳酸含量较低,有丁酸生成,pH值较高,氨态氮含量较高,青贮质量为一般。Six kinds of herbages, Stipa baicalensis Roshev. , Vicia sepiurn L. , Elymus cylindricus （Franch.）Honda, Melilotus of fcinalis （L.） Desr, Medicago falcata L. and Leymus chinensis （Trim） Tzvel. , in Hulunbuir grassland were used to determine their nutrient content and fermentation quality. The buffering capacity of L. chinensis, S. baicalensis and E. cylindricus were significantly lower than that of V. sepium, M. offcinalis and M. falcata （P〈0.05）. The same indicator of chemical composition of raw grass or silages was significantly differences among different species（P〈0.05）. The dry matter, wa- ter-soluble carbohydrates and neutral detergent fiber contents of L. chinensis,S, baicalensis and E. cylin- dricus were significantly higher than V. sepiurn, M. offcinalis and M. falcata, the crude protein was op- posite （P〈0.05）. The dry matter, water-soluble carbohydrates and neutral detergent fiber contents of si- lages were showed a decreased tendency, but the crude protein and acid detergent fiber contents of them were showed little change. The silages of L. chinensis, ＂S. baicalensis and M. falcata had higher lactic acid content and lower pH value, no butyric acid, and the ammonia nitrogen content was lower than oth- ers, silage quality was high. The quality of V. sepium and E. cylindricus silage was good. M. offcinalis silage had lower lactic acid content and higher pH value and ammonia nitrogen content, with a small a- mount of butyric acid, silage quality was middle.

关 键 词：呼伦贝尔草原 牧草 青贮 营养成分 发酵品质 

分 类 号：S816.5[农业科学—饲料科学]