海水液压技术在深海装备中的应用  

Applications of Seawater Hydraulics in Deep-sea Equipment

作　　者：刘银水[1,2] 吴德发[1,2] 李东林[1,2] 赵旭峰[1,2] 李晓晖[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学机械科学与工程学院,武汉430074 [2]华中科技大学数字制造装备与技术国家重点实验室,武汉430074

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第2期28-35,共8页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(50975101);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划;2009AA090100);新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-13-0231)资助项目

摘　　要：海水液压技术由于其与海洋环境相容、具有海深压力自动补偿功能、运行成本低、工作介质易处理、难燃、系统组成简单、清洁等优点,已在国内外的深海装备中得到了成功应用。介绍海水液压技术的优点及国内外研究简况。分析液压元件与系统采用海水直接作为工作介质所面临的关键技术问题,同时分析深海环境对元件的性能产生影响,包括海深压力和温度对介质特性的影响、海水介质的颗粒污染、海深压力对摩擦副的影响等;从新原理、新材料、新结构、新工艺等方面分析相应的解决措施。介绍几个海水液压技术在深海装备中应用的实例:①潜水器浮力微调采用海水液压浮力调节系统,替代油压和气压浮力调节系统,具有结构简单,性能可靠等优点,是目前大深度潜器普遍采用的形式;②海水液压驱动水下作业机械手,是今后水下作业机械手驱动方式发展的新方向;③海水液压水下作业工具,直接以海水作为工作介质,同油压工具相比,具有系统组成简单、压力损失小、效率高、维护方便等优点。Seawater hydraulics is successfully used in deep-sea equipment because of its environmental friendliness, seawater pressure automatic compensation, low operating cost, easy disposal of working media, simpleness of system composition and cleanliness. The advantages of seawater hydraulics and research profile are introduced. The key technical challenges and countermeasure of seawater hydraulics used in deep sea equipment are analyzed. Meanwhile, the effect of deep sea environment on seawater hydraulic components, such as the effect of seawater pressure and temperature on working media, particle pollution of seawater and the effect of seawater pressure on friction pair are analyzed, the solutions based on new principle, new materials, new structures and new procedures are further proposed. Three applications of seawater hydraulics in deep-sea equipment are presented. One of them is the seawater hydraulic variable ballast system, which is a promising substitute for oil hydraulic buoyancy regulating system and variable ballast system based on pneumatic because of many advantages, such as simple mechanism and high-reliability. Furthermore, seawater hydraulic variable ballast system is a general choice of deep sea submersible vehicles. As new promising driven modes for underwater tools, seawater hydraulic manipulator and seawater hydraulic ray are in the presentation of the applications as well. Seawater hydraulic underwater tool is also a typical application. Compared with oil hydraulic underwater tools, it has simpler system composition, lower pressure loss, more convenient maintenance and higher efficiency.

关 键 词：海水液压传动 深海装备 浮力调节系统 水下作业工具 机械手 

分 类 号：TH137[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]