基于机电耦合动力学模型的电主轴系统软起动特性  

Soft Starting Behavior of a Motorized Spindle System Based on Electromechanical Coupling Dynamic Model

作　　者：吕浪[1] 熊万里[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南大学国家高效磨削工程技术研究中心,长沙410082

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第3期78-91,共14页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51275163);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-10-0368);湖南省杰出青年基金;湖南省自然科学青年基金;湖南大学青年教师成长计划资助项目

摘　　要：电主轴实现快速平稳起动对缩短加工辅助过程,提高加工效率,降低系统冲击非常重要。针对现有电动机起动性能分析计算方法的不足,如传统基于等效电路的起动电流迭代法不能反映出起动电流和起动转矩的动态变化,且在降压降频条件下迭代不收敛,不适合研究电主轴的软起动;有限元计算效率较低,工程上不实用;基于电动机模型和Park变换的动力学分析方法仅考虑电动机本身,不足以真实反映电主轴系统降压降频软起动性能。提出基于机电耦合动力学模型的电主轴系统降压降频软起动特性分析方法。采用提出方法研究磨用电主轴系统降压降频软起动过渡过程机电耦合机理,分析磨用电主轴系统机电参数对起动电流、起动转矩、脉动转矩等的影响,并在电主轴试验台上进行起动性能试验。揭示机电耦合物理机理。提出通过优化逆变器工作参数、电动机电磁设计参数和砂轮机械参数抑制机电耦合振动,提高系统软起动平稳性,缩短起动时间的具体策略。通过仿真与试验证实了提出方法的正确性和有效性。It is very important to achieve fast and stable starting for motorized spindles to shorten idle process, improve machining efficiency and reduce an impact on the system. The drawbacks of the existing methods are focused on. The dynamic changes in both starting current and starting torque can not be reflected using the traditional method. Furthermore, the method is easy to produce no convergence with reduced voltage and reduced frequency. The finite element method is not employed in engineering due to low efficiency. The motor itself is only considered in the dynamic analysis method based on motor model and Park transformation. The analysis method of the soft starting performance for a motorized spindle system is proposed based on electromechanical coupling dynamic model. The soft starting transient process of the system is studied by the proposed method. The effects of electromechanical parameters on starting current, starting torque, pulsation torque and so on are analyzed. The experiment is also performed on a prototype. The physical mechanism of electromechanical coupling is revealed. The method is presented to suppress vibration, improve stability and accelerate starting. The validity of the proposed analysis method is confirmed by simulation and experiment.

关 键 词：逆变器 电主轴 机电耦合 软起动 

分 类 号：TH122[机械工程—机械设计及理论]