西南地区氮肥后移对杂交中稻产量及构成因素的影响  

The effect of postponing nitrogen application on grain yield and the panicle-grain structure in mid-season hybrid rice in southwest China

作　　者：徐富贤[1] 熊洪[1] 张林[1] 周兴兵[1] 朱永川[1] 刘茂[1] 郭晓艺[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院水稻高粱研究所,四川泸州646000

出　　处：《植物营养与肥料学报》2014年第1期29-36,共8页Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

基　　金：公益性行业专项(201003016);四川省财政基因工程项目-论文基金;粮食科技丰产工程(2011BAD16BO5-1);西南水稻创新体系建设;四川省财政推广项目资助

摘　　要：2011、2012年，以杂交中稻高产组合川香优9838为材料，在西南稻区的5～6个生态点，采用相同的氮肥管理方式，研究了氮肥施用量与氮后移比例对稻谷产量及其穗粒结构的影响。结果表明，氮肥施用量与氮后移比例对稻谷产量的影响试验点间表现各异，取决于试验地点的土壤肥力。氮后移的增产效果及高效施氮量分别与地力、产量呈显著负相关，当空白试验产量超过7000kg／hm^2时，氮后移没有增产作用。氮后移增产的处理表现为施氮量不高、氮后移比例小，并在保持一定有效穗数基础上，通过提高穗粒数和千粒重而增产。提出了西南区杂交中稻氮肥的高效管理途径。In this study, a field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with triplicates. Chuanxiang-you 9838 was used to investigate the variations of yield and panicle-grain structure of mid-season hybrid rice at different ecological site under application of nitrogen application （ANA） and ratio of postponing nitrogen application （RPNA） in 2011 and 2012. Data showed that ANA treatment and RPNA treatment has different effects on grain yield at different ecological site. Tested sites have highly interaction effects with ANA and RPNA, respectively, and the increase effects of RPNA in yield as well as optimizing application amount of nitrogen have a remarkable negative correlation with soil basic fertility. When the rice yield from paddy soil fertility was over 7000 kg/hm^2, no increase effect of RPNA in yield was observed. The effects on increase in yield for the RPNA treatment mainly was exhibited by little amounts of ANA with lower ratio of RPNA, and the increase in grain yield were maintained by effective panicles duo to increases in effective panicle number and the weight of 1000-grain. This study proposed a positive and highly efficient management approach in nitrogen application for mid-season hybrid rice in Southwest China.

关 键 词：西南地区 杂交中稻 氮肥后移 土壤地力 

分 类 号：S511.32[农业科学—作物学]