转基因水稻基因飘流研究十年回顾  

What We Have Learnt in Ten Years′ Study of Rice Transgene Flow

作　　者：贾士荣[1] 袁潜华[2] 王丰[3] 姚克敏[4] 裴新梧[1] 胡凝[4] 王志兴[1] 王旭静[1] 柳武革[3] 钱前[5] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,北京100081 [2]海南大学农学院/海南省热带生物资源可持续利用重点实验室,海口570228 [3]广东省农业科学院水稻研究所,广州510640 [4]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044 [5]中国水稻研究所,杭州310006

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2014年第1期1-10,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家"973"计划项目(2001CB109003;2007CB109202);国家"863"计划项目(2002AA2121493);国家转基因新品种培育重大专项(2009ZX08011-010B;2009ZX08012-019B;2013ZX08011-001)

摘　　要：中国是世界最大的水稻生产国和亚洲栽培稻的起源中心之一。随着中国转基因水稻研发的快速发展,需要研究水稻转基因飘流可能对环境和食品安全带来的潜在风险。基因飘流及其数据是对转基因水稻进行科学评估和监管的重要参数。为此,从2002年开始组建了研究团队,对转基因水稻的基因飘流进行了为期10年的系统研究。取得的结果主要包括:(1)阐明了水稻基因飘流的基本规律,揭示了影响水稻基因飘流的生物学和气象学主控因子。沿水稻开花期的主流风向,采用长方形田间试验设计,分别在三亚、广州和杭州3个点2-3个生长季,研究了纯合转bar基因花粉供体L201或B2(姐妹系,抗除草剂Basta)向19个非转基因受体(包括不育系、常规稻品种、杂交稻F1和普通野生稻)在不同距离上的基因飘流率,明确了转基因向不育系的飘流率最高,向普通栽培稻品种的基因飘流率最低(相邻种植时小于1%或0.1%),向普通野生稻的基因飘流率介于不育系和常规稻之间,向不育系的最大基因飘流率比向普通野生稻和栽培稻要大1-3个数量级;基因飘流率随距离增加呈负指数曲线衰减,且存在急剧降低的"拐点","拐点"的距离与试验点水稻开花期的风速密切相关,广州和杭州为1-2 m,三亚约为5 m;采用圆形、以花粉供体为中心的田间试验设计,以异交结实率很高的不育系博A作受体,清晰地解析了风向与基因飘流率的数值关系,主流和次主流风向下游4个扇区的基因飘流事件累计达90%-96%,而逆风向和侧逆风向4个扇区仅为4%-10%。综上所述,水稻转基因飘流率与常规育成品种间的异交率(一般在1%以下)基本相同,在数量级上转基因并未增加新的风险。(2)建立了以气象资料为参数的水稻花粉扩散和基因飘流普适模型,计算和预测了中国南方稻区17省、市的最大基因飘流阈值距离(maximum threshold distances,MTDs)。受东China is the largest rice producer worldwide and is one of the origins of Asian cultivated rice as well. Along with the rapid development of transgenic rice in China, the potential impact of rice transgene flow on the environment and food safety has become one of the major concerns. Gene flow is an important parameter in the risk assessment and regulation of transgenic rice on the scientific basis. In accordance with this situation, we have formed a team and systematically studied the rice transgene flow since 2002. The results obtained in recent ten years are as following： （1） the patterns of transgene flow and the major biological and meteorological factors controlling rice gene flow have been elucidated. Following the prevailing wind direction in rice flowering period, a rectangular design of field experiments were conducted at 3 locations（Sanya, Hainan Island;Guangzhou, Guangdong;and Hangzhou, Zhejiang）in 2-3 years by using a homozygous transgenic line L201 or B2 （sister lines） with bar gene inserted, resistant to herbicide Basta, as a pollen donor, and totally 19 non-transgenic rice as recipients, including male sterile （ms） lines, common rice cultivars （CRC）, F1 hybrid rice, and common wild rice （Oryza rufipogon）. Results indicated that the frequency of transgene flow to ms lines was the highest, while gene flow to CRC and F1 hybrids was the lowest （less than 1%or 0.1%at parallel plantation）. The frequency of transgene flow to O. rufipogon was in between. By comparison, the maximum frequency of gene flow to ms lines is one to three orders of magnitude higher than that to O. rufipogon and CRC. Gene flow frequency decreased exponentially as the distance increase, with a sharp cut-off point at about 1-2 m in Guangzhou and Hangzhou, while it was approximately 5m in Sanya. It indicates that the sharp cut-off point is closely related to the wind speed during rice flowering period at a given location. By using a concentric circle design of field experiment and an ms line BoA with high

关 键 词：水稻 普通野生稻 转基因 花粉扩散 基因飘流 风险评估 风险管理 RICE (Oryza SATIVA L ) common WILD RICE (O rufipogon) 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]