中国2004—2011年毒蕈中毒事件分析  

Epidemiological analysis on mushroom poisoning in China,2004-2011

作　　者：王锐[1] 高永军[1] 丁凡[1] 谢荣恒[2] 王霄晔 李群[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心卫生应急中心,北京102206 [2]贵阳市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2014年第2期158-161,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的了解中国毒蕈中毒事件的发生规律及流行病学特征,为毒蕈中毒的预警及预防控制提供科学依据。方法对2004—2011年突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统报告的全国毒蕈中毒事件的流行病学特征进行描述性分析。结果 2004—2011年全国共报告毒蕈中毒事件444起,累计报告中毒病例2 856例,死亡606例。毒蕈中毒事件的发生有明显的季节性,6—9月是毒蕈中毒事件的高发期。云南、广西、四川、贵州是毒蕈中毒的高发省份。通过监测报告发现的毒蕈种类有22种,其中导致毒蕈中毒事件数、中毒人数和死亡人数最多的为伞菌目鹅膏菌科鹅膏菌属的致命白毒伞、毒鹅膏菌、角鳞灰鹅膏菌等6种毒蕈。家庭是毒蕈中毒的主要发生场所,占事件总数的85.1%。误将野生毒蕈当做可食用蕈是中毒的主要原因,占事件总数的96.8%。结论毒蕈中毒引起的死亡是造成食物中毒死亡的主要原因之一;应对高发季节和高发省份进行重点监测和管理,提高居民的自我保护能力。Objective To study the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of mushroom poisoning in China, and to provide reference for early warning and prevention of the poisoning. Methods The data on mushroom poisoning during 2004 to 2011 were collected from National Management Information System of Public Health Emergencies and an- alyzed with descriptive statistics. Results Totally 444 outbreaks of mushroom poisoning were reported in China from 2004 to 2011 ,with 2 856 poisoning cases and 606 deaths. Seasonal variation in mushroom poisoning incident was ob- served with higher incidence during June to September. More mushroom poisoning events were reported in Yunnan, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou province. A total of 22 species of poisonous mushroom were reported and 6 species were the main poisonous mushrooms, including Agaricales order Amanitaceae family, Amanita genus, Amanita virosa Lain, Amanitaphalloides Secr, and Amanita spissacea Imai. The most of the mushroom poisonings occured in the home sittings, accounting for 85.1% of total number of mushroom poisoning. Wild poisonous mushroom mistaken as wild edible mush- room was the main reason for the poisonings, accounting for 96. 8% of total number of mushroom poisoning. Condusion Deaths caused by mushroom poisoning is one of the main causes of food poisoning deaths. Appropriate countermeas- ures such as timely warning, health education, improving diagnosis, treatment, testing and on-site treatment capacity should be taken during high occurrences seasons and in high incidence provinces.

关 键 词：毒蕈 食物中毒 流行病学 特征 

分 类 号：R181.22[医药卫生—流行病学]