延迟满足:基于未来时间洞察力的自我调节  

Delay of Gratification: Self- regulation Based on The Future Time Perspective

作　　者：庞雪[1] 吕厚超[1] 华生旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第1期78-82,共5页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：西南大学心理学部研究团队建设项目(TR201201-2);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(SWU1309376);国家社会科学基金项目(09CZX043)的资助

摘　　要：延迟满足是个体为获得更有价值的奖励结果,坚持目标行为而推迟即时性满足的倾向与行为。其产生机制在很大程度上基于未来取向的自我调节。未来时间洞察力对延迟满足的作用可由期望-价值理论、解释水平理论和自我调节周期模型等多种理论进行解释。除行为层面的机制,未来时间洞察力与延迟满足涉及腹侧额叶-纹状体环路等相似的脑机制。未来研究需深化和延迟满足的理论机制,明确与时间洞察力各维度的复杂关系,探究与时间洞察力相同的生理神经机制,促进其应用于社会实践。Delay of gratification which is based on future - oriented self - regulation largely refers to the tendency to postpone immediate satisfaction and persist in goal - directed behavior in order to obtain more valuable reward. As a kind of self - regulation, it can trans- form individualg future goals and beliefs into actual self - regulation behavior and is directly affected by future time perspective （FTP）. The impact of FTP on delay of gratification can be explained by various theories, such as expected - value theory, construal - level theory and selfregulation cyclical model. According to expected -value theory, in the cognitive aspect, individuals with a long FTP formulate longer means - goals structures and are perceived as more capable of gratification delay; in the dynamic aspect, although the anticipated reward decreases with increasing delay intervals, this decrease is less steep for individuals with a long FTP because a given temporal interval to the distant future is psychologically shorter for them. Construal - level theory suggests that psychologically distant e vents are represented by high - level construals and that construals have systematic effects on judgments and decisions. In line with CLT, if temporally distant events activate high - level construals, participants should prefer high - level rather than low - level action i- dentifications for such events. Hence, a shift in focus to the future should promote greater preferences for a larger but delayed utility （ a high - level construal） over a more immediate but smaller gratification （ a low - level eonstrual）. Zimmermang self - regulation cyclical model can also explain the impact of FTP on delay of gratification. This model proposes that delay of gratification is a self - regulatory process that must be self - monitored during task performance and altered as needed. It involves three phases ： during the forethought phase, individuals with a long FTP are more engaged in task analysis, and develop self - motivational beliefs to

关 键 词：延迟满足 自我调节 未来时间洞察力 生理机制 

分 类 号：B848[哲学宗教—心理学]