普罗透斯效应:虚拟世界研究的新视角  

The Proteus Effect: A New Perspective on Virtual World Study

作　　者：卞玉龙[1] 周超[2] 高峰强[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学心理学院,济南250014 [2]辽宁师范大学心理学院,大连116029

出　　处：《心理科学》2014年第1期232-239,共8页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"儿童青少年羞怯的适应能力与干预研究"(13BSH061);教育部人文社科项目(12YJC190009);2013年度山东科技发展计划项目(2013GSF11802);山东省优秀中青年科学家基金项目(BS2012DX040)的资助

摘　　要：随着虚拟世界的迅速发展,特别是虚拟现实环境与现实生活的日趋融合,虚拟现实环境对用户的影响引起了研究者的重视。在基于自我呈现的线上互动中,化身特点会有意或无意地影响到用户的知觉、态度和行为,即普罗透斯效应(Proteus Effect)。近年来,有研究者围绕着普罗透斯效应进行了一系列研究,对这一效应的概念、潜在发生机制、影响因素以及对用户个体和群体水平的影响等方面进行了一些探讨,并取得一定进展,这为国内学者开展虚拟世界中心理现象的探究提供了新的切入点。在未来研究中,普罗透斯效应的研究方法和范式仍需拓展,研究样本仍需丰富,本土化研究、跨文化研究以及应用研究也有待逐步展开。With the rapid development of virtual world, especially the ongoing integration between virtual reality and daily life, the im pacts of virtual environment on users＇real life have gained great attention by current researchers. Users usually participate in online so cial interaction via virtual avatars, which were defined as ＂ a perceptible digital representation whose behaviors reflect those executed, typically in real time, by a specific human being＂. Avatars, as one kind of self presentation in virtual environment, could affect users ＂perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors consciously or unconsciously via avatar based online social interaction, which is known as the Proteus effect. In recent years, researchers have conducted a series of studies on the Proteus effect. Existing researches on the Proteus effect were mainly focused on the following four topics. At first, researchers clarified the concept of Proteus effect by distinguishing the Proteus effect from behavioral confirmation and role playing. It is important to note that the source of behavioral change from the effects of behavioral confirmation stem from the perceiver rather than the target. It is the perceiver behav ior that in turn causes a change in the target behavior. Role playing means that asking people to enact artificial personas can lead to predictable changes in both attitudes and behaviors. However, the Proteus effect was focused more precisely on the psychological processes that might allow an avatar appearance to influence the user behavior. Secondly, researchers have summarized the influential factors of the Proteus effect, including avatar valence and clue types, levels of individuation, and gender. Thirdly, researchers system atically discussed the effects of the Proteus effect on users at both the individual and the group level, studies indicated that the Proteus effect not only impacts the users＇information processing and attitude, but also influences their online behaviors, especially for aggressive and social behaviors.

关 键 词：虚拟世界 普罗透斯效应 化身 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]