海岸带林草复合系统环境及其效应研究  

THE ENVIRONMENT AND IMPACTS OF A COMPOUND SILVO- PASTORAL SYSTEM IN A COASTAL REGION

作　　者：安树青[1] 张久海[1] 张纪林[2] 陈兴龙[1] 谈建康[1] 李国旗[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学生命科学学院,南京210093 [2]江苏省林业科学研究院,南京211153

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2001年第1期57-64,共8页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家"九.五"科技攻关计划项目 !(96 -0 0 7-0 3-0 5 )

摘　　要：在江苏东台海岸带防护林内设置 5个林分密度小区 ,记录各小区不同生长季节的光照、地面温度和地面相对湿度及其日变化 ,测定牧草的蒸腾作用、营养价值及其生物量的变化 ,分析林草复合系统的环境特征及其生态效应 ,结果表明 :林分郁闭度对光照强度变化的影响可分为 3个阶段 ,低郁闭度时 ,郁闭度的变化对光照影响较小 ,中等郁闭度时影响最大 ,高郁闭度时影响又会减弱。生长季盛期 ,试区平均温度最高 ,为 2 3.0 9± 5 .93℃ ,分别比初期和末期高 2 4.3%和 6 2 .4% ;此时平均相对湿度为 91.6 1%± 1.5 7% ,分别高于初期 2 4.4%和末期 32 .9%。生长季盛期苏丹草 (Sorghum sudonense)的平均蒸腾强度为 36 5 9.82 %± 489.44 g· dm- 2 · h- 1 ,比末期高 1.72 %。在 IV区茅叶荩草 (Arthraxon pricnodes)单位面积的代谢能、饲料单位最高 ,分别为 4.877× 10 3k J· m- 2 和 3890 .6 4FU·hm- 2 ,比最低的 I区高 77.5 4%和 80 .87%。不论是单个生长季的温度 ,还是几个生长季温度的组合 ,对于狗尾草(Setaria faberii)和苏丹草干重的影响都是不显著的 ,相对湿度也是如此。生长季初期的光照 (L)对狗尾草生物量(Y)回归是显著的 :Y=- 72 4.19+ 0 .0 6 3 L ;生长季末期的光照对苏丹草的生物量是显著的 :Y=- 10 93.30We recorded climatic factors and physical and chemical characteristics of vegetation in 5 experimental shelter-belt forest plantations in Dongdai, Jiangsu province. The variables recorded were: solar radiation, ground temperature, ground relative humidity and daily variation in these across different growing seasons, and transpiration, nutrient value and biomass of herbage. The effects of forest canopy closure on solar radiation can be divided into 3 stages: under both high and low canopy closure variation in closure has little effect on variation in radiation while under medium canopy closure variation in closure has a large effect. At the peak of the growing season temperature in the experimental plots had a mean value of 23 1 ± 5 9° which is 24 3% and 62 4% higher, respectively, than the beginning and end of growing season. Relative humidity also peaks, at 91 6% ± 1 6%, 24 4% and 32 9% higher than the beginning and the end of growing season, respectively. Transpiration of Sorghum sudanense at the climax of growing season was 3660 ± 489 g·dm -2 ·h -1 , just 1 7% higher than at the end of growing season. The metabolic energy and fodder unit of Arthraxon pricnodes per unit area reached a peak of 4 88×10 3 kJ·m -2 and 3891 FU·hm -2 ,77 5% and 80 8% higher than the lowest value. The effect of temperature on dry biomass of Setaria faberii and S. sudanense in each growing season was not significant, nor was relative humidity. On the other hand, the effect of solar radiation on the biomass of S. faberii was significant ( Y =-724 2 + 0 063 L ) at the beginning of growing season, and on that of S. sudanense in the end of growing season ( Y =-1093 + 0 11 L ). For the native grass S. faberii , all 3 environmental factors had a significant impact on biomass at the beginning of growing season: Y =-3859 + 25 35 T + 23 03 RH + 0 11L ; but only relative humidity and solar radiation had a significant effect on biomass at the climax of the gr

关 键 词：小气候 生物量 蒸腾作用 营养价值 牧草 海岸 林草复合系统 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]