基于新一代测序技术的昆虫转录组学研究进展  

Progress in insect transcriptomics based on the next-generation sequencing technique

作　　者：张棋麟[1] 袁明龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]草地农业生态系统国家重点实验室,兰州大学草地农业科技学院,兰州730020

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2013年第12期1489-1508,共20页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31201520);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(20120211120043);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(Lzujbky-2012-91)

摘　　要：新一代测序技术具有快速、高通量和低成本的特点,为"组学"研究带来了新方法、新方案,正在深刻地改变着当前生物学的研究模式。近年来,新一代测序技术极大促进了昆虫特别是无参考基因组信息昆虫的转录组学研究。自2008年至今,采用新一代测序技术已对7个目的 68种昆虫进行了转录组测序,其中由我国学者完成了6个目的 22种昆虫的转录组测序。目前,昆虫转录组学研究主要集中在基因挖掘、分子标记开发、基因表达分析等方面,为全面揭示昆虫生命活动中相关基因功能、系统发生与进化以及昆虫与其他生物相互作用等奠定了基础。本文总结了当前昆虫转录组学研究的已有成果,分析了其今后的发展趋势,讨论了采用新一代测序技术开展昆虫转录组学研究中存在的诸如研究对象相对局限、测序准确性不够高等不足,并指出开展昆虫转录组学研究时需充分思考所要回答的科学问题,选择合适的研究策略,评估性价比,以及开发转录组信息高效利用的方法等。作者建议未来的研究方向侧重于:(1)大规模开展基于新一代测序技术的昆虫转录组学研究,特别是对其他目以及独特生态环境中的代表性昆虫应予以重点关注;(2)开发昆虫转录组数据存储及分析的软硬件;(3)合理利用新一代测序技术研究昆虫转录组并充分挖掘已测昆虫转录组中的遗传信息。Next-generation sequencing （NGS） techniques provide the rapid, highthroughput and cost-effective approach to genomics research, which has profoundly transformed the research on current biology. In recent years, NGS has greatly promoted the development of insect transcriptomics, especially for insects without reference genome sequences. Since 2008, insect transcriptomes of 68 species belonging to seven orders have been sequenced by using NGS, of which 22 species from six orders were sequenced by Chinese scientists. Currently, insect transcriptomics based on NGS mainly focus on new gene discovery, development of molecular markers, and gene expression profiling, providing the opportunity to reveal gene function related to insect life activities, phylogeny and evolution, and the interaction between insects and other organisms. In this article, we summarized the current results of insect transcriptomics research, analyzed the development trends in the future, discussed the limitations of insect transcriptomics research based on NGS （e. g., limited taxa, and relatively low-accuracy sequencing）, and proposed what we need to keep in mind before launching insect transcriptomics studies, including specific scientific questions, appropriate research strategies, low-cost high performance, and efficient methods to utilize transcriptomic information. For the future prospects, we suggest that it is necessary： （1） to sequence more insect transcriptomes using NGS, paying significant attention to the typical insects from other insect orders and unique ecological environment; （2） to develop hardware and software for transcriptome data storage and analyses; and （3） to use NGS to study insect transcriptome with caution and take full advantage of the genetic information of sequenced insect transcriptome.

关 键 词：昆虫 转录组 高通量测序 基因发掘 功能鉴定 基因表达 

分 类 号：Q966[生物学—昆虫学]