杂交-渐渗的遗传进化效应与栽培作物野生近缘种多样性保护  

Genetic and evolutionary effects of hybridization-introgression and their implications for conservation of crop wild relative species

作　　者：卢宝荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学生物多样性科学研究所生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,上海200433

出　　处：《科学通报》2014年第6期479-492,共14页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31330014,31271683);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2011CB100401);转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2011ZX08011-006)资助

摘　　要：野生近缘种的遗传多样性是栽培作物遗传改良的重要基因资源,对其进行合理保护和可持续利用对保障全球粮食安全具有十分重要的意义.由于生境遭到严重破坏,野生近缘种的生存状况受到严峻挑战,许多野生近缘种群体在诸多因素影响下已经濒危甚至灭绝.然而,最容易被忽略的影响是栽培作物与野生近缘种的天然杂交和基因渐渗及其所带来的遗传和进化效应.作物的杂交-渐渗可以改变野生近缘种群体的遗传结构和完整性,导致已保护野生群体遗传多样性丧失.杂交-渐渗对野生近缘种遗传多样性保护能造成怎样的影响,目前仍知之甚少.如何制定合理的策略来降低栽培作物基因渐渗对野生近缘种保护带所来的负面影响非常重要,而且具有极大的挑战性.Genetic diversity in crop wild relatives （CWRs） includes important germplasm resources that play essential roles in crop genetic improvement. Efficient conservation and sustainable utilization of CWRs is critical to world food security. Severe habitat damage presents a major challenge to CWR survival, with many CWR populations consequently endangered or even extirpated. In addition, a neglected factor threatening the long-term CWR availability is the flow and introgression of crop alleles into CWR populations; these processes may considerably alter CWR genetic structure and integrity, leading to genetic diversity losses in in situ conserved CWR populations. Little is known, however, concerning the impacts of crop-wild gene flow and introgression on CWR conservation. The design of effective strategies, although challenging, is important to minimize the unfavorable consequences of these processes on CWR conservation.

关 键 词：遗传资源 保育 基因流 野生植物 遗传多样性 可持续利用 

分 类 号：S324[农业科学—作物遗传育种]