硝态氮和铵态氮及其配施对专用型小麦蛋白质和GMP含量的影响  

Effect of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen and Its Combined Application on Protein Components and GMP Content in Speciality Wheat Cultivars

作　　者：段有强[1] 黄明[1] 李友军[1] 李强[1] 孙华尊[1] 吕瑞珍[1] 李晓波[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《核农学报》2014年第1期161-167,共7页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河南省重点科技攻关项目支持(102102110030)

摘　　要：为探寻硝态氮和铵态氮及其配施对专用型小麦蛋白质形成的影响规律,以郑麦366、矮抗58和郑麦004为供试材料,在大田试验条件下,研究了硝态氮和铵态氮及其配施对专用型小麦籽粒蛋白质组分和GMP含量的影响。结果表明,籽粒蛋白及其组分含量、GMP含量和蛋白质产量均表现为郑麦366>矮抗58>郑麦004,品种间差异显著。N3处理(硝态氮∶铵态氮=50∶50)下3品种在灌浆期籽粒蛋白质含量均显著高于其它处理,成熟期N4(硝态氮∶铵态氮=25∶75)或N5(硝态氮∶铵态氮=0∶100)蛋白质含量最低。籽粒蛋白质组分含量的变化因氮素配施和品种不同而异,N3处理能促进3品种小麦清蛋白、醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量的提高,硝态氮处理次之,铵态氮处理最低。成熟期3品种籽粒谷蛋白大聚合体含量均以N3处理最高,N4或N5最低。为强化专用小麦的优质专用特性,强筋小麦和中筋小麦以硝态氮:铵态氮=75∶25或硝态氮∶铵态氮=50∶50为宜,弱筋小麦以硝态氮∶铵态氮=25∶75或硝态氮∶铵态氮=0∶100为宜。To explore the influential regularities of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and their combined applications on speciality wheat cultivars protein formation, three special wheats, namely strong-gluten wheat Zhengmai 366, medium-gluten wheat ＇ Aikang58 ＇ and weak-gluten wheat Zhengmai 004 were used to study the effects of nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen and their combined applications on special grain protein components of wheat as well as GMP content in the field experiment. The results indicated that the grain protein and protein components, GMP content and protein yields followed the order of ＇ Zhengmai 366＇ 〉 ＇ Aikang 58 ＇ 〉 ＇ Zhengmai 004＇ , which showed that a great difference existed between these three wheat varieties. Under the N3 treatment, the grain protein content was the highest of the three varieties at the grain filling stage, while under the N4 treatment or N5 treatment, the grain protein content was the lowest among the three varieties at the mature stage. Grain protein components content varied due to nitrogen ratio and its different varieties, the N3 treatment could promote the content of wheat albumin, prolamin and gluten, nitrate nitrogen treatment took the second place, and ammonium nitrogen ranked the lowest. During mature period, the glutenin polymer content was also the highest one under the N3 treatment whereas N4 or N5 was the lowest. To intensify the superior specialties of special wheat, strong-gluten wheat and medium-gluten wheat should take the most favorable condition, under which the ratio number should be 72：25 or 50：50 between nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen. For the weak-gluten wheat, the ratio number should be 25：75 or 0：100 between nitrate nitrogen andammonium nitrogen.

关 键 词：硝态氮 铵态氮 专用型小麦 蛋白质组分 GMP 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]