中华沙鳅食性研究  

A Preliminary Study on Feeding Habits of Botia superciliaris

作　　者：普炯[1] 贾砾[1] 苏胜齐[1] 王海波[1] 孙福临[1] 姚维志[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学动物科技学院西南大学渔业资源环境研究中心水产科学重庆市重点实验室,重庆400716

出　　处：《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第1期41-46,共6页Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：美国大自然保护协会(TNC)“长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区CAP”基金资助项目(NA/BEIJING/SWU092110);“长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区渔民生产生活调查”基金资助项目(NA/BEIJING/SWU091510)

摘　　要：2011年10月至2012年10月在长江四川合江江段采集中华沙鳅样本，对其食性进行了初步研究．结果表明：中华沙鳅属于底栖肉食性鱼类，主要摄食甲壳类、昆虫幼虫以及原生动物等．随着中华沙鳅个体的生长，食物中甲壳类、毛翅目昆虫、双翅目昆虫、鞘翅目昆虫均保持较高的出现率；蜻蜓目的出现率逐渐增长；藻类、原生动物、高等植物碎屑率逐渐减少．不同性别的中华沙鳅主要食物类群相同，但雄性较雌性食物组成中昆虫类出现次数百分比高．春季摄食强度和摄食率最高，夏季的摄食率最低，秋季的摄食强度最低．2～4龄群体的摄食强度和摄食率随年龄的增大而增加．性腺处于Ⅱ，Ⅲ期时，摄食强度和摄食率较高，性腺处于Ⅳ，V时，摄食强度和摄食率降低．Samples of Botia superciliaris, collected from October 2011 to October 2012 in Hejiang section of the Yangtze River in Sichuan, were used for a preliminary study on its feeding habits. The results have shown that B. superciliaris belongs to benthic carnivorous fish and mainly feeds on crustaceans, larvae, algae, protozoa and plant debris. As B. superciliaris grows, the occurrence rate of foods like the larvae of Crustacean, Diptera, Trichoptera and Coleoptera insects remains high, that of Odonata larvae increases, and that of algae, protozoa and higher plant debris decreases. Although the main food groups of B. super- ciliaris in different gender are similar, the occurrence rate of insects in the food of male B. superciliaris is higher than that of the female individuals. The feeding intensity and the feeding rate are the highest in spring, and the feeding rate in summer and the feeding intensity in autumn is the lowest. Besides, when B. superciliaris is in age group of 2--4, its feeding intensity and feeding rate increase as it grows. The feeding intensity and feeding rate of B. superciliaris are comparatively high when its gonad is in stage II or III , and they will drop when its gonad is in stage of IV or V.

关 键 词：中华沙鳅 食性 胃含物分析 食物组成 摄食强度 

分 类 号：Q959.468[生物学—动物学]