斜插式嫁接机砧木子叶气吸夹结构及作业参数优化试验  

Air suction clamp structure of rootstock cotyledons for inclined inserted grafting machine and its optimized experiment of operation parameters

作　　者：杨艳丽[1] 李恺[1] 初麒[1] 钟绿祥[1] 贾冬冬[2] 辜松[1,3,2] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642 [2]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030 [3]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术省部共建教育部重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2014年第4期25-31,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20124404110004);公益性行业项目(201303014);国家自然科学基金(50975097)

摘　　要：针对目前插接式瓜类自动嫁接机作业过程中,砧木夹持采用的压苗机构,普遍存在机构复杂、机构动作耗时影响作业生产率等问题,开发了一种砧木子叶气吸夹。该文以瓜类嫁接生产中常用的黑籽南瓜砧木标准苗和黄瓜接穗标准苗为作业对象,通过砧木子叶展平特性测定和气吸夹结构与作业参数优化试验研究,确定了气吸夹的优化结构与作业参数,并在2JC-600B型斜插嫁接机上进行了带压苗机构砧木夹与砧木子叶气吸夹性能对比试验。结果表明:在气源工作压力0.25 MPa、吸孔直径4 mm、吸孔距生长点距离30 mm时,气吸夹展平子叶成功率可达100%;与压苗机构砧木夹相比,采用气吸夹可减轻操作者熟练程度对嫁接机作业性能的影响,提高子叶展平成功率和嫁接成功率,对于熟练操作者,在满足嫁接作业质量要求的情况下可减少砧木上苗作业时间1 s,使嫁接生产率由514株/h增至600株/h,提高16.7%。该研究结果可为斜插式嫁接机的开发设计提供参考。The inclined inserted grafting machine is mainly used for melon and vegetable grafting, and the grafting operations include rootstock clamping, rootstock punching, scion clamping, scion cutting, and scion inserting to the rootstock. The seedling pressing mechanism has been commonly used to flat rootstock cotyledons and expose the growing point to make sure the normal operation of rootstock punching and scion inserting inclined during the grafting operation of vegetable grafting machine. Due to the structure of the seedling pressing mechanism being complex and flatting operation being time-consuming, an air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons has been developed to simplify the structure of the rootstock clamping mechanism, and the productivity of grafting could be improved. The cotyledons are being pressed into the suction holes of the air suction clamp while the rootstock was placed into the air suction clamp, and then are adsorbed to the upper surface of the air suction clamp through negative pressure. Using standard seedlings of fig-leaf gourd rootstock seedlings and cucumber scion seedlings which were normally used in grafting production as experimental material, determination tests on rootstock cotyledons flatting property and optimization tests of structure and the operation parameters on air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons were conducted to determine the optimized structure and operation parameters of the air suction clamp, and a performance comparison test between the rootstock clamp with seedling pressing mechanism and air suction clamp of rootstock cotyledons based on 2JC-600B inclined inserted into the vegetable grafting machine was conducted. To discuss the effects on the success rate of rootstock cotyledons flatting and success rate of grafting by rootstock types, skilled degree of the grafting operator, and time of placing rootstock. Results indicated that, with 0.25 MPa of working pressure of the pneumatic system, 4 mm of diameter of suction hole, and 30 mm of distance from suction hole to g

关 键 词：优化 试验 嫁接 蔬菜 砧木子叶 气吸夹 

分 类 号：S233.74[农业科学—农业机械化工程]