摇蚊幼虫对沉积物中重金属复合污染评估  

Evaluation of heavy metal toxicity in sediments using the midge Chironomus tepperi

作　　者：邓鑫[1,2] Vincent PET-FIGROVE 杨小南 李晓军[1] 刘宛[1] Kallie TOWSEND 台培东[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]Research and Technology,MelbounleWater,Melbourne,Victoria 3001 [4]不详

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第3期680-686,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX07505-001);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(201102226);国家自然科学基金项目(41201310);沈阳大学区域污染环境生态修复教育部重点实验室资助

摘　　要：使用采自野外的6组沉积物作为受试沉积物,一龄摇蚊(Chironomus tepperi)幼虫作为受试物种,对摇蚊幼虫分别进行了5 d生长及20 d慢性毒性试验,分别观测了摇蚊幼虫头宽、体长,雄、雌性摇蚊平均羽化时间、摇蚊发育速率、存活率、羽化率、摇蚊性别比例共8项指标与沉积物中污染的响应关系。结果表明,摇蚊体长、存活率及羽化率均受到As、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的污染而显著降低(P<0.05),摇蚊发育速率、雄性摇蚊羽化时间及雌性摇蚊羽化时间显著提前(P<0.05),摇蚊幼虫头宽与羽化后的雌雄比例与沉积物重金属间不存在显著相关,Cr、Ni、Co与摇蚊生长发育的各指标间并不存在显著相关。在所观测因素中,摇蚊幼虫体长、摇蚊平均羽化用时、羽化率、存活率在测试沉积物质量方面是需要重点考虑的因素。Six sediment samples were collected from different outfield places. A five-day growth experiment and a twenty-day chronic toxicity experiment with the sediments were conducted with first instar Chironomus tepperi larvae. Head capsule width, body length, average time to male and female adult emergence, growth rate, total survival, emergence rate, and sex ratios were em- ployed to evaluate the effects of contaminants in the sediments on C. tepperi. The results showed that body length, total survival and total emergence rate were significantly inhibited by zinc, cop- per, arsenic, lead, and cadmium contamination （ P〈0.05 ） , while time to female adult emer- gence, time to male adult emergence and growth rate were significantly increased by zinc, cop- per, arsenic, lead, and cadmium contamination （P〈0.05）. Head capsule width and sex ratio of C. tepperi were not significantly correlated with metal concentrations in the sediments. The whole eight indicators were not significantly affected by chrome, nickel and cobalt. Among all the fac- tors, body Iength of C. tepperi larvae, time to adult C. tepperi emergence, emergence rate and total survival rate were important in testing sediment quality.

关 键 词：摇蚊幼虫 沉积物 金属污染 生态响应 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X52