福寿螺入侵机制的研究进展  

Research progress on invasion mechanisms of Pomacea canaliculata

作　　者：郭靖[1] 章家恩[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学农学院生态学系,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学农业部热带农业环境重点开放实验室,广州510642 [3]广东省高等学校农业生态与农村环境重点实验室,广州510642

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2014年第3期806-815,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1131006;30770403;30900187);广东省科技计划项目(2007B020709007;2011B020309009);广东省高等学校高层次人才项目(粤教师函2010[79号]);广东省引进国(境)外高层次人才智力项目(粤外专[2010]51号)资助

摘　　要：福寿螺(Pomacea canaliculata)是被世界自然保护联盟列入全球100种恶性外来入侵物种中唯一的一种淡水螺,已在世界范围内造成了严重的农业与生态危害。福寿螺适应性广、抗逆性强、繁殖率高、遗传多样性丰富等特点使其在新栖息地(尤其是脆弱生境)能够获得对土著种的竞争优势,并迅速建立扩大种群;福寿螺对天敌、寄生虫和病菌的防御为其生存和繁衍提供了保障;福寿螺的入侵降低了入侵地的生物多样性,并且形成恶性循环。本文从福寿螺的生态耐受性、种群遗传变异与繁殖增长、对入侵地其他生物的防御与竞争以及入侵地的生态脆弱性等4个方面对福寿螺的入侵机制进行了归纳和总结,并指出了未来在福寿螺入侵机制方面应着重研究的方向,旨在为福寿螺的预防控制提供基础资料及参考依据。Pomacea canaliculata, the only freshwater snail among the 100 worst invasive alien species listed by the World Conservation Union, has caused incalculable agricultural and ecologi- cal harms worldwide. Owing to its wide habitat adaptability, strong adverse resistance, high re- production rate and abundant genetic diversity, P. canaliculata can establish wild populations rapidly in new habitats, especially in some dissimilation and fragmentation environments. De- fense abilities of P. canaliculata to natural enemies, bacteria and parasites are other effective ways to maintain its survival and reproduction. Declining biodiversity caused by P. canaliculata invasion can generate a vicious circle and further enhance the invasive incidence. In this paper, invasion mechanisms of ecological tolerance, population genetic variation and reproductive growth, defense and competition capacity of P. canaliculata with native species, ecological vul- nerability of invaded habitats were reviewed and summarized. Some relevant research perspectives were also put forward, with an attempt to provide basic information and references for prevention and controlling of P. canaliculata invasion.

关 键 词：福寿螺 生物入侵 入侵机制 综合防治 

分 类 号：S433[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]