太湖鲫鱼和鲤鱼体内微囊藻毒素的累积及健康风险  

Accumulation of microcystins in Carassius auratus and Cyprinus carpio from the Taihu Lake and its human health risk

作　　者：贾军梅[1,2] 罗维[1] 吕永龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《环境化学》2014年第2期186-193,共8页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划973计划课题(2008CB418106);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41271502;C031001);科技部科技基础性工作专项课题(2013FY111100)资助

摘　　要：为揭示微囊藻毒素(MCs)在湖泊的不同区域、杂食性鱼种的不同器官累积的规律,评价其潜在的健康风险,分别在太湖的梅梁湖、西部沿岸区、南部沿岸区和湖心区采集了鲤鱼和鲫鱼样本,利用固相萃取和高效液相色谱-质谱联用提取和测定样本中MCs的3种异构体MC-RR、MC-YR和MC-LR的含量.研究结果显示,鲫鱼与鲤鱼各器官累积MCs的程度不同,鲫鱼累积MCs含量的顺序为:肠壁>肾脏>心脏>肝脏>肌肉,而鲤鱼为:肠壁>肾脏>肌肉>肝脏>心脏.鲫鱼和鲤鱼肠壁中的MCs含量均高于其他器官.除鲤鱼肠壁中MC-LR所占MCs的比例超过50%以外,鲫鱼和鲤鱼其他各器官累积MCs均以MC-RR为主.对比鲤鱼和鲫鱼相同器官累积的MCs含量发现:鲤鱼肌肉累积MCs较高,为31.7±12.1 ng·g-1(干重);而鲫鱼肝脏、肾脏、肠壁和心脏所含MCs较高,分别为45.4±44.5、114.0±51.1、2042.9±4426.0、59.5±26.7 ng·g-1(干重).基于鲫鱼和鲤鱼肌肉累积的MCs估算的人体每日MCs摄入量已超过世界卫生组织(WTO)颁布的每日最大摄入量(0.04μg·kg-1·d-1),其中人体每日通过鲤鱼而摄入MCs的量较高,为0.0525μg MC-LR eq·kg-1·d-1,存在一定潜在健康风险.Microcystins （MCs）, one of the most common, toxic and harmful cyanotoxins, could have adverse effects on animals, ecosystems and even human health through food chains. In order to examine accumulation of MCs in different organs of omnivorous fish in the Taihu Lake and to evaluate its potential human health risk, two typical omnivorous fish species, Carassius at^ratus and Cyprinus carpio, were sampled and MCs （MC-LR, MC-YR, and MC-RR） in their muscle, liver, heart, kidney and intestine wall were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric. The results showed that accumulation of MCs in different organs of the fish was quite different. MCs concentrations in different organs of Carassius auratus were of such order： intestine wall 〉 kidney 〉 heart 〉 liver 〉 muscle, while those in Cyprinus carpio were ： intestine wall 〉 kidney 〉 muscle 〉 liver 〉 heart. Concentration of MCs in intestine wall was higher than those in kidney, liver, muscle and heart. Except that the intestine wall of Cyprinus carpio had MC-LR as the main isomer of MCs, the other organs of both fish species had MC-RR as the main isomer of MCs. Cyprinus carpio had higher concentration of MCs in its muscle than Carassius auratus, while MCsconcentrations in liver, kidney, intestine wall and heart of Cyprinus carpio were lower than those of Carassius auratus. The tolerance daily intake （0.04 μg. kg-1. d-1） set by World Health Organization were exceeded by the estimated daily intake （EDI） of muscle of both fish species and may pose potential health risk to human, especially Cyprinus carpio with EDI of 0. 0525 μg MC-LR eq-kg-1.d-1

关 键 词：微囊藻毒素 鲫鱼 鲤鱼 累积 健康风险 

分 类 号：X174[环境科学与工程—环境科学]