恢复措施对排土场土壤酶活性和微生物量的影响  

Effects of restoration measures on soil enzyme activities and micobial biomass in the coalmine dump

作　　者：闫晗[1] 葛蕊[1] 潘胜凯 郭璐璐[1] 范君[1] 吴祥云[1] 张洋 

机构地区：[1]辽宁工程技术大学理学院,阜新123000 [2]本溪市食品药品检验所,本溪117000

出　　处：《环境化学》2014年第2期327-333,共7页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：辽宁省教育厅科研基金资助项目(20060391)资助

摘　　要：以海州露天矿排土场为研究对象,选取工程复垦、人工种植林地(榆树、刺槐和紫穗槐)和天然草地3种恢复措施作为修复地,以荒裸地作为对照,研究恢复措施对土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量的影响,探讨生态恢复措施对排土场土壤质量的改善情况.结果表明,在同一土层中,修复地土壤脲酶、蛋白酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶的活性和土壤微生物量显著高于荒裸地(P<0.05),人工林地和天然草地在提高上述4种土壤酶活性方面显著高于工程复垦地(P<0.05),工程复垦能够显著提高土壤过氧化氢酶活性(P<0.05),却不能显著提高土壤微生物量(P<0.05).表层土壤中,微生物量C/N比值表现为人工林地和天然草地显著高于其他土壤(P<0.05),深层土壤则为荒裸地最高.从垂直分布上看,土壤酶活性和土壤微生物量C、N随着土壤深度的增加而降低.相关分析表明,土壤酶活性和微生物量与土壤养分含量之间密切相关,说明土壤酶活性和微生物量可以作为评价排土场土壤质量的生物学指标.3种恢复措施对土壤质量的改善能力依次为人工林地>天然草地>工程复垦地,在林种的选择上为乔木>灌木.Engineering reclamation, planted forests （Ulmus pumila, Robinia pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa） and natural grassland were selected as restoration lands, while bare land was regarded as reference land in Haizhou opencast coalmine dump. In order to find out the best restoration measure, the effects of ecological restoration measures on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass were studied in coalmine dump. The results showed that the activities of urease, protease, invertase, alkaline phosphatase and soil microbial biomass in the restored lands were significantly higher than in the bare land in the same layer （P 〈 0.05 ）. The activities of those four soil enzymes were significantly higher in planted forests and natural grassland than in engineering reclamation. The activity of catalase was significantly higher in engineering reclamation than in other soils. But soil microbial biomass in engineering reclamation was not higher than in other soils. In the top soil, microbial biomass C/N was in planted forests and natural grassland significantly higher than in other soils. In the deep soil, microbial biomass C/N was highest in bare land. For the vertical distribution, soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass decreased with the increase of soil depth. The correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activities and soil microbial biomass weresignificantly correlated with soil nutrients. Soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass could be used as biological indicators for evaluating soil quality. The effectiveness of restoration measures on soil ecological environment was planted forests 〉 natural grassland 〉 engineering reclamation, and trees were better than shrubs in coalmine dump.

关 键 词：煤矿排土场 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物量 恢复措施 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学]