冀东生态区夏玉米自交系的差异及遗传改良的初步研究  

Primary Studies on Trait Difference and Heredity Improvement of Major Summer Maize Inbred Lines Breeding in JiDong Ecological Region

作　　者：谢振江[1] 刘自华[1] 张锦芬[1] 

机构地区：[1]唐山市农业科学研究所,唐山063001

出　　处：《北京农学院学报》2000年第4期6-12,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Agriculture

摘　　要：本文通过对冀东生态区两个时期选育应用的主要夏玉米自交系的种质基础、农艺、光合、经济性状的比较 ,应用 6× 10不完全双列杂交模式 ,对各个性状的配合力进行了分析 研究结果表明 ,80年代末 90年代初与 70年代末 80年代初的玉米自交系在光合速率、叶绿素、单株叶面积、生物产量、单株粒重等性状得到了显著改良 ,农艺穗部性状、穗粗、穗行数、收获指数、结实率、空杆率也有部分改良效果 同时 ,单株叶面积、叶向值、叶片保绿度、光合速率、叶绿素含量等光合及农艺性状的一般配合力显著提高 部分经济性状 ,如生物产量、单株产量、穗重、穗长等一般配合力也十分显著 除此之外 ,虽然有些自交系性状的一般配合力有所下降或不明显 ,如 :收获指数、雄穗长度 ,但综合起来这些改良和配合力的变化 ,除了对自交系的光合生理 ,农艺、经济等性状有积极作用 ,还对提高自交系产量、增强抗逆性、降低成本有重要作用 研究结果认为 ,冀东生态区的夏玉米育种 ,应当在重视产量、抗病性、抗倒性等传统性状的基础上 ,更加重视光合生理性状的改善和配合力的提高 ,尤其是秃尖度配合力效应值增加 ,更应引起高度的重视 此外 ,在自交系的种质基础和选育方法要有创新 ,要和光合生理等性状改良综合起来 ,才是冀东夏玉米育种的?The GCA of major summer maize inbred lines selected by breeding in JiDong had been studied with 6×10 partially dialled cross model,according to their appearance between 2 periods.Compared with traits of inbred lines in Group 1,some traits in Group 2,such as photosynthetic rate、chlorlphll contents、leaf area、biological weight、grain weight per plant,had been studied remarkably,some of traits like ear diameter、ear row number、harvest index、 fertility、 no ear plant rate had been improved partially.At the same time,the GCA of the traits such as leaf area、leaf orientation、grade of green leaf、photosynthetic rate、chlorophyll content increased remarkably.Some economic traits GCA increased partially.In addition to this, comprehensively speaking,although some traits GCA like harvest index and tissal length decreased indistinctively,they played an important role in the raise of adverse circumtance、low costs as well as their some traits value.Therefore,the improvement of heredity of summer inbred lines in JiDong should be based on the traditional traits,especially the improvement of hpotosynthetic and physiology traits,and GCA of the bare tip region rate decreasing should be stremgthened notably.Moreover,matched with the other traits improvements like photosynthetic rate,it is an important and essential way for new invention of maize germlasm and breeding method in JiDong summer hybrid breeding.

关 键 词：夏玉米 自交系 配合力效应值 遗传改良 光合生理 农艺性状 冀东生态区 选育 

分 类 号：S513.035.1[农业科学—作物学]