新疆阿合奇县柯尔克孜族中小学生2013年屈光状态的研究  

Study on the refractive status of primary and secondary school students of Kirgiz nationality in Aheqi county of Xinjiang in 2013

作　　者：潘旭斌[1,2] 余宏刚[1,2] 贺福虎 

机构地区：[1]江苏省无锡市第四人民医院眼科,214062 [2]克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州阿合奇县人民医院眼科

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2014年第7期1079-1082,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：新疆克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州科技局资助项目〔克科字[2013]13-31〕

摘　　要：目的：探讨柯尔克孜族中、小学生的屈光状态及近视的患病情况，研究导致学生近视发生、发展的因素。方法：对阿合奇县的中、小学生进行抽样调查，共调查学生769人，男生378人、女生391人，柯尔克孜族学生543人、汉族学生186人。在自然采光良好的教室内，使用标准对数视力表灯箱进行视力检查；采用自动验光仪对学生进行屈光状态、角膜曲率检查，使用裂隙灯对学生进行细致的眼部检查，所有检查均由专业眼科医师进行。并同时测量学生的身高、体重；对学生的用眼习惯、家族病史进行问卷调查。结果：①2—9年级学生视力的低常率，近视的患病率逐年提高，汉族学生比柯族学生更为显著（P〈0．05）；②柯族中、小学生的近视患病率比全国平均水平明显偏低（P〈0．05）；7—9年级柯族学生近视患病率明显升高（P〈0．05）；③在小学阶段，柯族男、女生的近视患病率差异没有统计学意义（P〉0．05），在中学阶段，柯族女生的近视患病率比男生高（P〈0．05）；④学生用于学习、活动、视频终端接触的时间，不良的看书习惯，座位的排次，是否认真做眼保健操这些因素都能导致近视的形成和发展。基本上所有中、小学生的握笔姿势都不正确；⑤柯族学生红绿色盲的患病率低于全国平均水平。结论：柯尔克孜族中、小学生近视患病率明显低于全国平均水平；初中阶段的学生近视患病率明显提高，女生比男生更为明显：学习时间、课外活动时间、视频终端接触时间，不良读写习惯等因素，会导致近视的形成与发展。Objective： To explore the prevalences of refractive status and myopia in primary and secondary school students of Kir giz nationality, research the causes inducing occurrence and development of myopia among students. Methods： A total of 769 primary and secondary school students （543 students of Kirgiz nationality and 186 students of Han nationality） from Aheqi county were surveyed, inclu ding 378 boys and 391 girls; vision examination was performed with standard logarithmic visual acuity chart in a classroom with good dayligh- ting; the refractive status and corneal curvature were examined with automatic optometry unit; careful eye examination was conducted under slit lamp, all the examinations were performed by professional ophthalmolog!sts; body height and body weight were measured; the eye care habits and family medical history of the students were investigated by a guestionnaire. Results： The prevalence rate of subnormal visual acu- ity syndrome and myopia increased gradually year by year from the： second grade to the ninth grade, and the phenomenon in students of Han nationality was more significant （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the prevalence rate of myopia in primary school students of Kirgiz nationality was lower than the national average level （ P 〈 0. 05 ）, and the prevalence rate of myopia in Sudents of Kirgiz nationality increased significantly from the seventh grade to the ninth grade （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; there was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence rate of myopia between boys and girls among students of Kirgiz nationality （ P 〉 0. 05 ）, but the prevalence rate of myopia in Kirgiz female middle school students was higher than that in boys （ P 〈 0. 05 ） ; the factors associated with myopia included time spend on learning, activities, visual displays terminal, incorrectreading and writing habits, the eat in classroom, doing eye exercise seriously or not ; the writing posture of all the students were incorrect ; the prevalence rate of red and green color bli

关 键 词：柯尔克孜族 中小学生 屈光状态 近视 

分 类 号：R779.7[医药卫生—眼科]