创业促进就业吗?——来自中国的证据  

Does Entrepreneurship Increase Employment ?——Evidence from China

作　　者：卢亮[1] 邓汉慧[2] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉430074 [2]中南财经政法大学公共管理学院,湖北武汉430074

出　　处：《经济管理》2014年第3期11-19,共9页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学青年基金项目"合理引导大学生创业类型与就业有效性关系机制研究"(10CJY019);中央高校基本科研经费"网络招聘;大学生求职与高校就业网站建设"(31541110829);教育部人文社科规划基金项目"大学生创业行为产生机理及创业人才培养模式关联研究"(10YJA630024)

摘　　要：创业一直被各界人士认为是解决就业的重要途径。本文通过回顾总结国内和国外关于创业和就业关系的文献，以相对收入的创业理论为基础提出了一个分析创业与就业关系的框架。本文运用全国1995—2010年的数据进行了实证检验，得到如下结论：创业对就业有积极的正向促进作用；在不同的时期，创业对就业促进作用是不同的。本文对创业如何促进就业提出了政策建议，并分析了未来研究需要关注的问题。Entrepreneurship has always been considered as one important way to solve the problem of employ- ment by all circles at home and abroad, so the Chinese government has also begun to attach importance to entrepre- neurial activity. As there is relatively large employment pressure in China currently, the study of the relationship be- tween the above two seems meaningful. If we make clear whether the entrepreneurial activity may increase employ- ment or not, and to what extent it may promote employment, etc., we may help to improve the corresponding man- agement measures to better play the role of entrepreneurship creating jobs. However, in China, there is few research on the relations between entrepreneurship and employment , the existing empirical literatures focuse on the impact of entrepreneurial activity reducing the unemployment rate （ Dongzhiqiang, Weixiahai ,2012 ; Fuhong ,2007）, theoretical reviews are to introduce foreign research results （ Luliang, Denghanhui, 2013 ; Tangcanqing, Dongzhiqiang, Liyongjie, 2012）. While,it exits quite a number of similar studies abroad （Singh. R. ,2001 ; Davis. S. J. , Haltiwanger, 1992; Mueller P. ,A. Van Stel, D. Storey,2008 ; A. Roy Thurik,2008,etc. ）, they not only conduct study on the number of employment created by entrepreneurial activity, but also analyze the relationship between entrepreneurial activity and employment quality. Firstly,this paper collects and sorts the literatures on the number of employment created by entrepreneurship from foreign top economic and management research journals issued during the 2000 ~ 2011 year period, then summa- rizes their findings and research characteristics： entrepreneurship can promote employment indeed, however,this sort of employment is unstable. Both advantages and disadvantages exist among these studies, for example： if the method designed by Davis and Haltiwanger is used ,the growth and new entrants into the business ,as well as out of the market and the recession businesses must be classified and divided

关 键 词：创业 就业 相对收入的创业理论 实证检验 

分 类 号：C962[经济管理—人力资源管理]