超共沸酸精馏制取浓缩酸与联产多种浓度稀硝酸新工艺  

New Process of Making Concentrated Nitric Acid by Super Azeotropic Acid Rectification and Co-Producing Dilute Nitric Acids with Several Concentrations

作　　者：唐文骞 段煜洲 

机构地区：[1]中海油山东化学工程有限责任公司,山东济南250013

出　　处：《化肥工业》2014年第1期29-33,64,共6页Chemical Fertilizer Industry

摘　　要：通过对当前国内几种浓硝酸生产方法的分析与比较之后，提出超共沸酸精馏法制取浓硝酸的生产新方法，该法可实现装置大型化，同时实现质量分数40％～45％，55％～60％和68％的稀硝酸与浓硝酸联合生产。与同规模硝酸镁法制取浓硝酸相比，超共沸酸精馏法可节省建设投资约20％，吨酸节能30％、减排CO20．37 t、制造成本降低14％，是今后我国浓硝酸发展可供选择的生产方法。由于对硝酸质量分数在70％～90％区域的相关理论数据研究力度不够以及在该浓度下对设备材质的选用仍存在一定的疑虑，望今后以此作为课题进行研究，使超共沸酸精馏法制取浓硝酸早日实现工业化。Through analysis and comparison of several production processes for concentrated nitric acid currently used in China , a new process to produce concentrated nitric acid by super azeotropic acid rectification is proposed , this process can realize equipments large-size, co-produce dilute nitric acid and concentrated nitric acid simultaneously , the mass fractions of which are 40%~45%,55%~60%and 68%.Compare with the same capacity plant adopting magnesium nitric process to produce concentrated nitric acid , by using super azeotropic acid rectification process can it save construction investment by 20%, energy saving per ton acid is 30%, emission reduction of CO 2 is 0.37 t, production cost reduced by 14%, being an alternative process in development of concentrated nitric acid production in China .Because research on relative theoretical data of nitric acid with mass fraction concentration of 70%~90% is not enough , and there are some doubts about the equipment material selection under the concentration , further study of these subjects is needed in the future , for realizing industrialization early of producting concentrated nitric acid by using super azeotropic acid rectification process .

关 键 词：超共沸酸 硝酸镁法 浓硝酸 精馏 

分 类 号：TQ111.26[化学工程—无机化工]