反思平衡与思想实验  

Reflective Equilibrium and Thought Experiment

作　　者：曹钦[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院,天津300071

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2014年第1期66-70,共5页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NKZXB1261)

摘　　要：尽管反思平衡在古代和近代的政治哲学中已经得到了广泛的应用,但那些时期的主流理论仍然具有鲜明的实在论与基础主义特征。罗尔斯放弃了基础主义的论证方法,转而将反思平衡本身作为了正当性证明的基础,从而体现出了与传统政治哲学在方法论上的根本性差异。当代政治哲学中同样得到广泛应用的另一个方法是思想试验。在这个方面,通过对带有强烈非现实色彩的思想试验的使用,诺齐克对相关学术论争的特色产生了很大的影响。然而,尽管反思平衡与思想试验两者之间可以存在互相支持的关系,但在罗尔斯式的反思平衡与诺齐克式的思想试验之间,却隐含着冲突。Although the method of reflective equilibrium had been widely used by ancient and modern political philoso- phers. However, most of their theories were realistic and foundationalistic. Rawls abandons such foundationalism, and turns reflective equilibrium itself into the basis of justification, which marks the fundamental difference between his theory and the traditional ones. Another widely used method in contemporary political philosophy is thought experiment, which gains its most distinctive character in the works of Nozick. However, there can be potential conflicts between Rawlsian re- flective equilibrium and Nozickian thought experiments.

关 键 词：反思平衡 思想试验 罗尔斯 诺齐克 

分 类 号：B82-02[哲学宗教—伦理学]