雅柯布逊对神经语言学的贡献  

Contributions Made by Jakobson to Neurolinguistics

作　　者：倪传斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《外国语文》2013年第6期66-73,共8页Foreign Languages and Literature

基　　金：国家社科基金项目"外语磨蚀的回归性分析"(10BYY027);自然科学基金项目"基于fMRI的外语磨蚀选择性研究"(30770716)资助的阶段性成果;"江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目(20110101)"的资助

摘　　要：从失语症、儿童语言发展和神经语言学学科发展三个方面,对雅柯布逊在神经语言学研究领域做出的贡献进行了系统梳理。雅柯布逊的主要贡献为:(1)在失语症研究领域,雅柯布逊发现了失语症病人病理性语言的两极性,阐述了病理性语言研究平面的系统性,提出了病理性语言材料收集的全面性,探索了失语症病理性语言发展过程的规律性和分析了失语症病理性语言与诗性语言的相似性;(2)在儿童语言发展的研究领域,雅柯布逊探明了儿童语言的发展既受到非语言因素的制约,也受到诸如语言内在结构特征等语言学因素的调控,此外,他还探明了儿童语言发展在宏观上表现出与人类语言种系发展史的相似性,在微观上表现出了发展的非连续性;(3)对于神经语言学学科的发展,正是雅柯布逊首次将语言学理论引入神经语言学研究,才由此推动了神经语言学学科的进一步走向成熟。This paper aims to systematically summarize the contributions made by Jakobson to Neurolinguistics in the field of aphasia, child language development and the development of neuroliuguistie discipline. His major contributions include ： （ 1 ） In the field of aphasia, Jakobson identified the bi-polarity of aphasic language, elaborated the systematicality of the levels for analyzing aphasic language, and the exhaustiveness in collecting the aphasic language; he also explored the rules governing the development of aphasic language, and the similarities between aphasic language and poetic verses. （2） In the field of child language development, Jakobson found that the development of child language was controlled by both the non-linguistic factors and linguistic factors such as the internal traits of linguistic structure. In addition, he discovered the macroscopical similarities between the child language development and the evolutive history of human languages, and the microscopical non-continuity of the child language development. （3） For the development of neurolinguistic discipline, Jakobson was the first expert who introduced the linguistic theories, and after him the neurolinguistic discipline gradually matured.

关 键 词：雅柯布逊 失语症 儿童语言 神经语言学 

分 类 号：H313[语言文字—英语]