两种运动干预方案对小学生执行功能影响的追踪研究  

A Follow-up Study on Two Kinds of Exercise Intervention Programs for Children's Executive Functions

作　　者：殷恒婵[1] 陈爱国[2] 马铮[3] 李鑫楠[4] 刘敏[5] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [2]扬州大学体育学院,江苏扬州225009 [3]中国青年政治学院体育教学中心,北京100089 [4]北京工商大学体育与艺术教学部,北京100048 [5]曲阜师范大学研究生处,山东曲阜273165

出　　处：《体育科学》2014年第3期24-28,75,共6页China Sport Science

基　　金：全国教育科学"十一五"规划教育部重点课题(DLA100338)

摘　　要：目的:探讨"武术+跳绳+8字跑"和"花样跑步"两种运动干预方案对小学生执行功能各个维度的效果及其随时间变化的特征。方法:以326名小学生为研究对象,在课外体育活动实施两种持续20周的不同运动干预方案,实验前、10周后和20周后,使用Flanker任务、2-back任务、More-odd shifting任务全面评价小学生执行功能。结果:1)20周运动干预后的执行功能的3个子功能(抑制、刷新和转换)的水平>10周运动干预后的水平>运动干预前的水平;2)"武术+跳绳+8字跑"方案抑制功能水平提高要显著好于"花样跑步"方案;"花样跑步"刷新功能水平提高要显著好于"武术+跳绳+8字跑"方案;两种方案均对小学生转换功能均产生积极促进作用,且效果不存在差异。结论:"武术+跳绳+8字跑"和"花样跑步"均对小学生执行功能具有促进作用,且随干预时间增加,效果更为显著;两种方案在改善小学生执行功能子功能效果上各有所长。Objective：To investigate the effects of two kinds of exercise intervention programs, that is ＂martial arts＋ skipping＋8word run＂ and ＂pattern running＂, on the children＇s execu- tive functions in various dimensions and their characteristics over time. Methods：By taking 326 pupils as research object,implement the two intervention programs last for 20 weeks in extra- curricular sports activities use the Flanker task, 2-back task and more-odd shifting task to as- sess pupil＇s executive function comprehensively before the experiment, after 10 weeks and af ter 20 weeks Results： 1） The level of the three sub-functions （inhibition, updating and shift- ing） of executive functions after 20-week exercise intervention 〉Level after 10 weeks. Pre-in- tervention level. 2） ＂ martial arts＋ skipping＋ 8 word run ＂program to raise the level of inhibi- tion was significantly better than the ＂pattern running＂ program; ＂pattern running ＂program to raise the level of updating function was significantly better than ＂martial arts ＋ skipping ＋ 8 word run＂ program; both the two programs played a positive role in promoting shifting func- tions and there is no difference between the effect of two programs. Conclusion：Both ＂ martial arts ＋ skipping ＋ 8 word run＂ and ＂pattern running＂ programs had promotion effect on pupil ＇ s executive functions and with the increase of the intervention time the effect is more signifi- cant; two programs had different advantages on the effect of sub-function of executive func- tions.

关 键 词：小学生 执行功能 运动干预方案 追踪研究 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]