中国古代体育竞赛的历史文化研究——以先秦射礼竞赛为例  

Study on the History and Culture of Ancient Chinese Sports Competition——Focus on Chinese Archery Competition in Pre-Qin Period

作　　者：张波[1] 姚颂平[2] 

机构地区：[1]上海对外经贸大学,上海201620 [2]上海体育学院,上海2004381

出　　处：《体育科学》2014年第3期76-81,共6页China Sport Science

摘　　要：通过对先秦两汉88部原典著作的全文检索以及部分甲骨文、金文资料,考察先秦时期的射礼竞赛,并从体育竞赛构成条件———参赛者、裁判员、竞赛场地、竞赛规则、竞赛结果的角度,对射礼竞赛进行了历史梳理和意义解读。研究认为,中国商代已出现射礼竞赛的雏形,至两周时期发展为与当代体育竞赛性质相同的射礼赛会,其兴盛程度不亚于古希腊竞技会,甚至不输当今体育赛事;其人员、场地、器具、规则完备,竞赛组织化程度高,文化教育价值丰富。从儒家哲学思想中提炼出的"以德引争"竞赛观,可以展现中国古代体育竞赛的文化特质。Through the Pre-Qin and Han 88 Texts works full-text search and some Oracle, J in data, this paper focuses on Chinese Archery in the Pre-Qin period and analyzes the history meaning of Chinese Archery constitutes conditions ： participants, the referee guard, competition venues, contest rules, contest results. The result shows that it already appeared prototype arch- ery competition in Shang Dynasty, until Zhou Dynasty, archery competition has developed to the same nature of morden sports competition. After it become into a tournament, its flourish- ing was no less than the ancient Greek athletics, even today＇s sporting events. Its personnel, venues, utensils, rules and complete contest come into a high degree of organization, rich in cul- tural and educational values. The concept of ＂Courtesy competition＂ abstracted from Confucian philosophy can show the cultural characteristics of ancient Chinese sporting competition.

关 键 词：体育史 先秦时期 体育竞赛 射礼赛会 

分 类 号：G812.9[文化科学—体育学]