对青少年足球运动员有球专项速度耐力训练方法的实验研究——以北京国安足球俱乐部青年队为例  

Research on Methods of Specific Speed Endurance Training with Ball in Youth Football Players—— Beijing Guoan football club youth team were taken as examples

作　　者：李春满[1] 熊开宇[1] 于越[1] 陈小虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2014年第2期114-120,共7页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：北京体育大学自主科研课题(课题编号:2012YB011)

摘　　要：通过对国内外专项速度耐力训练方法的归纳、提炼,通过调整不同负荷因素设计出不同的实验对比方案,选取U19、U17年龄段俱乐部足球运动员进行测试,结合生理生化指标的检测,观察了解身体机能的变化,为高水平青少年教练员提出正确合理的建议。运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实验法,得出如下结果:在套路练习中,两种形式在乳酸值上并没有明显的差异,通过增加练习持续时间(形式2)训练强度明显增加;1v1小场比赛中两种形式在心率和乳酸值上没有明显的差异,但4 min的间歇时间能使运动员恢复更加充分;4v4区域转换中,形式1的心率和血乳酸值均高于形式2。最终得出结论:套路练习2种形式均适合于最大乳酸生成训练,但形式2的训练强度高于形式1,同时更有利于建立队员快速回防的意识;1v1小场比赛中,1:4的间歇比率(形式1)能使队员在间歇时能够更加充分的恢复,更有利于进行无氧速度耐力的最大生成性训练;4v4转换区域传抢中,1:2的间歇时间(形式1)适合于无氧速度耐力最大乳酸生成性训练,1:1的间歇比率(形式2)适合于乳酸耐受性训练。The purpose reviewed the methods of specific speed endurance training in the world and designed different training plans with different load factors. The Beijing Guoan football club youth football players( U19,U17) were taken as subjects,physiological and biochemical index were measured to help us to observe the state of the players' body function,to provide scientific suggestions for youth coaches. Used the methods of literature review,expert interview and experiment,the results were as follows: 1) There was no difference in lactic acid value between two kinds of routine practice,but it was increased when the exercise duration and intensity were increased( kind 2). 2) There was no difference in lactic acid value and heart rate during 1v1 competition,but four minutes intermittent rest can help athletes to recover fully. 3) The lactic acid value and heart rate in kind 1 were higher than those in kind 2 in 4v4 area transformation forms. Conclusions: 1) Both kinds of routine practice were benefit for maximum lactic acid training,but the training intensity of kind 2 was higher that of kind 1,and two kinds training were benefit for building quick defense consciousness of players. 2) The interval training of 1: 4 ratio( kind 1) can help athletes to recover fully,which was benefit for speed endurance training. 3) During 4v4 area transformation form,the interval training of 1: 2 ratio( kind 1) was suitable for anaerobic endurance training to maximum lactic acid level,and the interval training of 1: 1 ratio( kind 2) was suitable for lactic acid tolerance training.

关 键 词：青少年 足球运动员 专项速度耐力 有球训练方法 

分 类 号：G843[文化科学—体育训练]