世界首个托卡马克诞生地——俄罗斯的聚变研究之路  

Overview of the Fusion Research Road of Russia——the Birthplace of the First Tokamak in the World

作　　者：王海[1] 

机构地区：[1]核工业西南物理研究院,四川成都610225

出　　处：《科技情报开发与经济》2014年第3期157-160,共4页Sci-Tech Information Development & Economy

基　　金：科技部国家软科学资助课题(编号:2009GXS1B138)

摘　　要：俄罗斯是热核聚变研究资历最深的国家之一,也是世界首个托卡马克装置的诞生地。从最初的几十年占据世界受控热核聚变研究最先进的位置,到受经济衰退影响萎靡不振,再到21世纪后重振旗鼓,积极通过国际合作振兴本国核聚变研究事业,俄罗斯的所有努力都为推动世界核聚变事业贡献了力量。介绍了俄罗斯核聚变研究的发展历史、主要研究机构、主要装置沿革以及突出成果,分析了俄罗斯从最早开始核聚变研究至今各种变化的政治和经济原因以及经费投入,并简要阐述了俄罗斯未来的核聚变战略规划。Russia is one of the oldest countries dedicated to the nuclear fusion research and also is the the birthplace of the first Tokamak in the world. From a leading position in the world for the first dozens of years, to a downfall state under the economic influence, and to a revival in the 21st century through active international cooperation, Russia has contributed its force for promoting the cause of world nuclear fusion. This paper introduces the historical development of the fusion research in Russia, as well as its main research institutes, experimental devices, and achievements, analyzes the economical and political reasons of the changes, and briefly expounds the future fusion plans of Russia.

关 键 词：热核聚变 托卡马克 俄罗斯 

分 类 号：F416.23[经济管理—产业经济]