基于GIS的长白山地区地质灾害风险综合评估  

Comprehensive assessment of geological disasters risk in Changbai Mountain region based on GIS

作　　者：倪晓娇[1] 南颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]延边大学理学院地理系,吉林延吉133002

出　　处：《自然灾害学报》2014年第1期112-120,共9页Journal of Natural Disasters

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41071333;41110006)

摘　　要：以长白山地区为研究区,以该地区地质灾害分布数据,专题地图数据和统计数据作为数据源,基于区域灾害系统论的观点,结合地质灾害现状发育因素、地质环境条件因素、人类工程活动因素和社会经济发展因素,将地质灾害易发分区评价和自然灾害风险评估结合起来对长白山地区地质灾害风险进行了综合评估研究。采用100 m×100 m的栅格单元作为基本的评估单元,采用极差法对指标值进行标准化处理,采用层次分析法确定指标的权重,采用综合指数法计算地质灾害风险综合指数,并将其划分为一级风险区、二级风险区、三级风险区和四级风险区,得到了长白山地区地质灾害风险等级分布图。该等级分布图揭示了地质灾害风险在长白山地区的分布情况。结果表明:长白山地区地质灾害风险等级呈现出明显的空间差异性,整体上研究区东西两端较高,中部较低。长白山地区地质灾害风险水平主要以三级风险区为主,表明从整体上看,研究区大部分地区地质灾害风险水平相对较低。The study took Changbai Mountain region as the study area to assess the geological disasters comprehensive risk level in Changbai Mountain region in combination with geological disasters prone district assessment and natural disasters risk assessment. The study adopted the geological disasters distribution data of Changbai Mountain Region and thematic maps data and statistics data as the main data sources, used＂ Regional Disaster System Theory＂ and considered factors of the geological disasters status development factors, geological environmental condition factors, human engineering activity factors and socio-economic development factors. The study calculated the geological disasters risk index using comprehensive index method and 100 m x 100 m grid cell as the basic unit of assessment. The index was standardized using range method, and the weights of the indices was determined using the analytic hierarchy process. The risk areas was then divided into four grade risks by the thus obtained risk index, and then the geological disasters risk grades distribution map of Changbai Mountain region was drawn, which reflected the spatial distribution of the geological disasters risk in Changbai Mountain Region. Theresults show that, the geological disasters risk level in Changbai Mountain region reflects significant spatial differences. The geological disasters risk is high in the east and west, and is low the middle part of the region. Changbai Mountain region is mainly in the grade III risk area of geological disasters, which means that the geological disasters risk level in most parts of this area is low.

关 键 词：区域灾害系统论 易发分区评价 地质灾害风险评估 长白山地区 GIS 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]