miR-375在消化系肿瘤中的研究进展  

Roles of miR-375 in digestive tumors

作　　者：颜俊伟[1] 廖家智[1] 林菊生[1] 何星星[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院肝病研究所,湖北省武汉市430030

出　　处：《世界华人消化杂志》2014年第5期654-660,共7页World Chinese Journal of Digestology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目;No.81101824;同济医院首届优秀青年科学基金资助项目;No.YXQN005~~

摘　　要：MiRNAs是一类在转录后水平调控基因表达的微小RNA分子.大量研究表明,MiRNAs的失调表达是肿瘤的重要特征之一.MiRNAs参与调控许多重要的癌基因或抑癌基因的表达,从而调控肿瘤的恶性生物学表型.MiR-375最早发现在胰岛B细胞表达并调控胰岛素的分泌和胰岛的形成.进一步的研究发现,m i R-375在肿瘤组织中普遍呈现低表达特别是在消化系肿瘤中,如肝癌、胃癌、食管癌、胰腺癌.在这些肿瘤中过表达miR-375可抑制靶基因,如:星形胶质细胞升高基因1、J a n u s激酶2、自噬相关蛋白7、胰岛素样生长因子1受体、3-磷酸肌醇依赖性蛋白激酶1、YWHAZ以及YES相关蛋白1的表达从而抑制肿瘤的恶性表型.此外研究还发现组织或血清中的miR-375可作为消化系肿瘤诊断和预后的生物标志物.因此,miR-375在消化系统肿瘤的发生和发展过程中发挥了重要的作用,是潜在的肿瘤药物开发的新靶点,监测miR-375的表达水平可能有助于消化系肿瘤的早期诊断和预后判断.MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a group of small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. A large body of evidence has indicated that dysregulation of miRNAs is an important hallmark of cancer. MiRNAs modulate malignant phenotypes of cancer by repressing many critical oncogenes or tumor suppressors. MiR-375 was firstly identified in pancreatic beta-cells and it can regulate insulin secretion and pancreatic development. Further studies found that miR-375 is significantly downregulated in multiple types of tumors, especially digestive system tumors, such as hepa-tocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, esophageal cancer, and pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of miR-375 represses target genes, such as AEG-1,JAK2, ATG7, IGFIR, PDK1, 14-3-3Z and YAP1, and thereby inhibits malignant properties of cancer. It is also found that miR-375 in tissues or circulation could be used as a biomarker for diagnosis or prognosis prediction in digestive system tumors. Since miR-375 play an important role in the initiation and progression of digestive system tumors, it can become a novel therapeutic target. Monitoring the levels of miR-375 may contribute to the early diagnosis and prognosis prediction.

关 键 词：MiR-375 抑癌基因 肿瘤 

分 类 号：R735[医药卫生—肿瘤]