中国城市职业女性对人乳头状瘤病毒疫苗认知与接受度调查及健康教育效果评价  

Investigation of knowledge and acceptability of human papillomavirus vaccine and assessment of health education among employed urban women in China

作　　者：张韶凯[1] 黄蓉[2] 王少明[1] 赵方辉[1] 乔友林[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京协和医学院中国医学科学院肿瘤医院/肿瘤研究所流行病室,100021 [2]四川大学华西公共卫生学院流行病学教研室

出　　处：《肿瘤研究与临床》2014年第2期114-117,128,共5页Cancer Research and Clinic

摘　　要：目的 了解中国城市职业女性对子宫颈癌、人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）及HPV疫苗的认知与接受度，同时评价健康教育的作用。方法 采用多中心横断面调查方法，在北京、杭州、长沙、成都和广州5个城市选择16家单位，对职业女性进行健康教育，调查健康教育前后女性对子宫颈癌、HPV及预防性HPV疫苗的认知和态度。结果 2011年8月至11月共调查1 146名职业女性，平均年龄37.03岁（16～67岁），对子宫颈癌、HPV和HPV疫苗的知晓率分别为95.06 %、27.98 %和12.82 %，仅20.68 %知晓子宫颈癌与HPV持续感染相关。经健康教育后，知晓子宫颈癌与HPV持续感染相关的女性比例（89.26 %）比健康教育前提高3.32倍，差异有统计学意义（χ2＝93.414，P＜0.001）；不愿意给孩子接种疫苗的比例虽有所降低，但仍占19.25 %，主要原因是担心疫苗的安全性（23.52 %），认为孩子太小，没有患子宫颈癌的危险性（21.92 %），疫苗还没有大范围推广使用（13.01 %）和担心疫苗的有效性（12.79 %）。结论 我国城市职业女性人群对HPV及疫苗的认知率普遍较低，经健康教育后明显提高，人群对HPV疫苗防治子宫颈癌总体上持积极支持的态度，大部分女性能够接受为孩子接种HPV疫苗，但HPV疫苗的有效性和安全性仍然是公众关注的主要焦点。Objective To investigate knowledge of cervical cancer, human papillomavirus （HPV） and HPV vaccine and attitude to HPV vaccine among employed urban women in China, and to assess willingness to vaccinate their children. Methods This study was conducted in women from 16 factories or companies in Beijing, Hangzhou, Changsha, Chengdu and Guangzhou. A questionnaire on cervical cancer, HPV knowledge and HPV vaccine acceptability was administered to participants before and after educational intervention. Results A total of 1 146 women were surveyed from August to November, 2011. The awareness rates of cervical cancer, HPV and HPV vaccine were 95.06 %, 27.98 % and 12.82 %, respectively. Only 20.68 % knew that HPV was related to cervical cancer. After educational instruction, 89.26 % understood the relationship between HPV and cervical cancer （χ 2 = 93.414, P 〈 0.001）. Only 19.25 % women were unwilling to allow their children to be vaccinated. The main reasons were as follows： worried about vaccine safety （23.52 %）, belief that their child was not at risk （21.92 %）, lack of scientific evidence for the vaccine （13.01 %）, and worried about vaccine efficacy （12.79 %）. Conclusions In general, there is a high acceptability of HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer among employed urban Chinese women after educational intervention. However, some women remain reluctant to vaccinate their children due to concern about vaccine safety and efficacy.

关 键 词：子宫颈肿瘤 人乳头瘤病毒 疫苗 认知 健康教育 

分 类 号：R737.33[医药卫生—肿瘤]