江户幕府时期日本对华观的矛盾现象---以日本对清朝的军事情报活动为中心  

The Contradictory Attitude of Japan toward China in the Edo Period: Centered on the Military Intelligence Activities of Japan aimed at the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：仲光亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学外国语学院讲师,山东济南250100

出　　处：《文史哲》2014年第2期87-96,165-166,共10页Literature,History,and Philosophy

基　　金：山东大学自主创新基金项目(IFYT12021)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：江户幕府时期的日本,其对华观呈现出十分明显的矛盾现象:一方面贱视清朝,视清朝为"夷狄",坚持拒绝与清朝通交的立场;另一方面,却又特别重视清朝,视清朝为日本主要的威胁。日本江户幕府虽然与清朝没有官方交往,但却利用其周邻外交和唐船贸易的信息渠道,在搜集清朝"三藩之乱"、乾隆帝南巡等政治情报的同时,尤其重视搜集舆地、军政、武备技术等清朝军事方面的情报。贱视清朝,主要是从文化心态层面出发的,江户幕府主政官员深受儒家"华夷观"的影响;重视清朝,则是从现实层面出发的,毕竟当时的日本国力较弱,并不具备与清朝抗衡的军事实力。如此看似矛盾的对华观,也正是江户幕府时期日本涉华行为的特征。The Edogawa Shogunate displayed a contradictory attitude towards the Qing Dynasty.On the one hand,it despised the Qing Dynasty,taking its citizens to be barbarians,and refused to establish a diplomatic relationship.On the other hand,it focused great attention on the Qing Dynasty,considering the Qing Dynasty as a major threat.Although the Edogawa Shogunate was not in official contact with the Qing Dynasty,it took advantage of the neighboring country's diplomacy and Chinese shipping trade to seek political information on the Qing Dynasty,such as the Revolt of the Three Feudatories and Qianlong's southern tour,particularly military information of the Qing Dynasty,such as geography,military policy and weapon technology.On the cultural level,the Japanese administrators'hatred of the Qing Dynasty was influenced by the Confucian concept of Chinese(hua)and foreigners(yi).Japanese focus on the Qing Dynasty came from practical considerations,because Japan was not strong enough militarily to contend with the Qing Dynasty.The contradictory attitude was the main characteristic in the behavior of the Edogawa Shogunate towards the Qing Dynasty.

关 键 词：江户幕府 日本 清朝 华夷观 军事情报 

分 类 号：G359.313[文化科学—情报学] K313.36[历史地理—历史学]