佛山市机动车尾气颗粒物PM_(2.5)的排放特征研究  

Characteristics of PM_(2.5) Emission of Vehicles in Foshan City

作　　者：徐伟嘉[1,2,3] 李红霞[1,3] 黄建彰[2] 程晓梅[2] 刘永红[2] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学先进技术研究院 [2]中山大学工学院智能交通研究中心,广东广州510275 [3]东莞中山大学研究院,广东东莞523808

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2014年第3期152-158,173,共8页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：广东省自然科学基金(S2012010008943);佛山市低碳交通系统关键技术研究与应用示范(2011A080803007)

摘　　要：以2010年为基准年,利用COPERTⅣ模型计算了佛山市机动车尾气PM10及PM2.5的排放因子和排放量,评估了交通源车型组成及国标分布特征对PM2.5分担率的影响,建立了5大类车型的PM2.5及PM10排放量比值关系。2010年佛山市机动车的PM2.5及PM10直接排放量分别为1 953.03 t/a及2 422.60 t/a;PM2.5排放量最高的2类车型为重型柴油车与摩托车,分担率分别为61.5%及19.3%;在所有机动车中国0车具有最高PM2.5分担率,高达47.5%;不同车型PM2.5/PM10排放量之比亦不同,依次为:轻型柴油车0.850>重型柴油车0.847>摩托车0.811>轻型汽油车0.574>重型汽油车0.477。柴油车与摩托车为削减PM2.5直接排放的主要控制对象,尤其应重点淘汰国0、国Ⅰ及国Ⅱ柴油类黄标车,综合考虑道路状况的前提下可实施限摩政策。On the basis of the year 2010, vehicles emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 in terms of emission factors and amount were calculated using the COPERT Ⅳ model in this paper. The effect of traffic source characteristics on PM2.5 emission was further estimated in respect to vehicle categories and their distributions according to the related national emission standards. Mean-while, the ratios of PM2.5/PM10 with different vehicle types were calculated for evaluating PM2.5 contribution of various vehi-cles. Amounts of vehicle emission of PM2.5 and PM10 in the City were 1 953.03 and 2 422.60 t/a, respectively in 2010. The two vehicle types with the highest emission of PM2.5 belonged to heavy duty diesel vehicle and motorcycle, whose PM2.5 share rates were 61.5% and 19.3% respectively. PM2.5 share rate according to the emission standard of Guo 0 vehicles was 47.5%. PM2.5/PM10 ratios for light duty diesel car, heavy duty diesel car, motorcycle, light duty gasoline car and heavy duty gasoline car were 0.850, 0.847, 0.811, 0.574 and 0.477 respectively. Generally speaking, motorcycle and diesel cars are the major tar-gets for reducing PM2.5 emission, and Guo 0, Guo Ⅰ cars and Guo Ⅱ diesel vehicles should be eliminated.

关 键 词：PM2 5 PM10 COPERT 空气污染 佛山 机动车 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]