超高层建筑人员电梯辅助疏散及其影响参数研究  

Study on the parameters of ultra high-rise building evacuation by elevators

作　　者：曹奇[1,2] 黄丽丽[3] 肖修昆[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室,合肥230026 [2]江苏省公安消防总队,南京210013 [3]广州中国科学院工业技术研究院城市公共安全技术研究中心,广州511458

出　　处：《火灾科学》2013年第4期207-212,共6页Fire Safety Science

基　　金：江苏省科技支撑计划(No.BE2010677);中国科学技术大学火灾科学国家重点实验室开放课题(HZ2012-KF08)

摘　　要：针对传统疏散方式很难在短时间内有效地将人员疏散至室外安全区的难题,研究分析了超高层建筑中人员疏散策略以及电梯作为辅助人员疏散方式的可行性。首先,对人员疏散速度进行了研究,对电梯运行特性进行了分析;然后,利用数值模拟的方法,对影响电梯辅助疏散的参数进行研究,以对超高层建筑人员疏散以及疏散电梯的设计提供理论参考。结果表明,电梯与疏散楼梯相结合的疏散方式能够快速地完成高层建筑内部人员疏散。该组合疏散方式中决定总疏散时间的主要因素是疏散人数、电梯运行速度、电梯容纳人数、电梯疏散人员比例。当电梯疏散人数占总体疏散人数的40%时,疏散总时间最短。In this work, the evacuation strategy in ultra high-rise buildings by elevator was studied, in order to overcome the difficulty of timely evacuation in the traditional way. First, the evacuees＇ speed was identified by experimental and numerical studies, and the operating characteristics of elevators was analyzed. Then, the impact parameters for ultra high-rise building evacuation by elevator were studied by numerical simulations. The results showed that, the strategy with combined use of elevators and staircases can quickly complete evacuation of ultra high-rise buildings. Further studies showed that the number of occupants, the elevators＂ speed, the capacity of the elevator, and the ratio of occupants using elevators are the major parameters to determine the total evacuation time. It was also shown that when the ratio of occupants using elevators is 40%, the total evacuation time is the shortest.

关 键 词：超高层建筑 电梯辅助疏散 影响参数 

分 类 号：X45[环境科学与工程—灾害防治] X932