优秀女子古典舞演员“吸腿转”平衡控制的生物力学研究  

Biomechanical Research on the Balance Control of Pirouettes in Classical Dance

作　　者：李宗涛[1] 高云[2] 赖勤 刘学贞[4] 

机构地区：[1]曲阜师范大学,山东日照276826 [2]北京舞蹈学院,北京100081 [3]Wayne State University,U.S.A.48202 [4]北京体育大学,北京100084

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2014年第1期129-133,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

摘　　要：目的:从生物力学角度分析古典舞演员"吸腿转"平衡控制的生物力学机制及其能力影响因素,为古典舞旋转动作平衡训练提供理论依据。方法:利用高速摄影、三维测力台和表面肌电同步采集4名优秀女子古典舞演员"吸腿转"动作的运动学、动力学和肌电信号,并进行定性和定量分析。结果:高水平女子古典舞演员吸腿转时,支撑腿膝和踝关节角度随旋转蹬伸平稳增大,并先后达到最大稳定支撑角度、保持不变;地面反作用力的X和Y轴分力曲线波动较多、幅度较小;运动环节肌电积分比例由高到低依次为踝关节、膝关节和核心部位的活动肌群。结论:支撑腿踝、膝关节控制性力量能力是"吸腿转"平衡控制的关键;旋转启动时应适当控制支撑腿下蹲幅度;核心控制能力有助于"吸腿转"动作达到更高水平的稳定性;古典舞演员旋转平衡与快速、及时的身体重心三维调控关系密切,建议加强感觉统合能力训练和反馈性姿势控制学习。Objective： The present research investigated the biomeehanical mechanism and its related factors of the balance control of Pirouettes in classical dance, in order to provide a theoretical basis for training of spinning movements. Methods： Four female professional classical dancers participated in this research. Their kinematic, kinetic, and myoelectric parameters of movements were recorded with infrared high-speed cameras, 3 - Dimension force plate, and surface EMG, followed by statistical analyses. Results： The knee and ankle angles of supporting leg of classical dancers increased steadily with spinning ＆ stretching, and reached successively and remained their maximum supporting angles. There were many small waves in the curves of the X and Y reaction forces. The iEMG proportion was the greatest on the ankle joint muscles, relatively lower on the knee joint muscles, and minimum on the core muscles. Conclusions ： The ankle ＆ knee strength and the movement control of the supporting leg were the key factors in balance control in Pirouettes. Squatting amplitude of the stance leg should be properly controlled when initiating Pirouettes. The core control was helpful for achieving high level balance in Pirouettes. The close relationship between fast and timely control on the center of gravity and balance performance in Pirouettes indicated that perceptual integrative exercises and feedback learning in postural control training should be enhanced.

关 键 词：生物力学 古典舞 吸腿转 平衡控制 工作肌肉 表面肌电积分 

分 类 号：G804.6[文化科学—运动人体科学]