论拉康对主体理论的贡献  

On Lacan's Contribution to the Subject Theory

作　　者：张艺蕾[1] 孙志海[1] 

机构地区：[1]东南大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《学术研究》2014年第3期26-30,159,共5页Academic Research

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目"价值观的先验结构及其生成的内在程序研究"(12YJA720023)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：沿着近代哲学和弗洛伊德这两条道路,经过复杂的逻辑演绎,拉康认为理性主宰下的主体的思维、言说、行动不过是大他者操控下的无意识表演,主体即空无。他戏剧性地解构了主体。近代哲学是在认识论层面研究人,提出人即理性,同时在存在论层面赋予理性绝对统治权。拉康是在存在论层面研究人和理性,深化了对人和理性的研究,但却揭示了理性生活的虚幻和荒谬,解构了理性的统治权威。他以理性方式解释弗洛伊德的无意识,阐释了弗氏的自我和超我形成的心理机制,但也使主体虚无化。为了挽救"主体",他设定了康德式的不可知的实在界,这就给现实的人生留下一个巨大的理论难题:失去理性护佑又无法触及实在界的人生将如何进行?而这似乎正是现代人的普遍困境。According to modern philosophy and Freuds interpretation of the subject theory, after a complex logical de-duction, Mr. Lacan argued that mind language and behavior of subject which is controlled by reason is no more than unconscious self-residence of the Other. So, Mr. Lacan deconstructed the subject. From his point of view,subject is nothing. Modern philosophy studied person in the epistemological level, which proposed that person is a reasonable person. At the same time, modern philosophy endowed reason with absolute authority at the onto-logical level. He studied the relationship between reasons at the ontological level revealed the illusiveness and absurdity of rational life, deconstructed the authority of reason. Lacan explained Freud 's unconscious concept in a rational way, and explained psychological mechanism of Freud s Id theory and ego theory, which made the subject become nothing. In order to save the ‘subject' like what Kant did, Lacan proposed that the Real can t be recognized. But how can a person live if he has no reason to live? It seems to be a dilemma faced by con-temporary people.

关 键 词：拉康 主体 近代哲学 弗洛伊德 康德 

分 类 号：B565.59[哲学宗教—外国哲学]