土库曼斯坦穆尔加布——捷詹绿洲生态系统服务价值对土地利用变化的响应  

Response of ecosystem services value to land use change in Murghab-Tejen oasis,Turkmenistan

作　　者：姚远[1] 丁建丽[1] 王刚[1] 张芳[1] 李鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2014年第1期134-143,共10页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家国际科技合作项目(2010DFA92720-12);教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划

摘　　要：土库曼斯坦蕴藏着丰富的矿产资源和油气资源,是连接我国和中东地区的能源枢纽,其战略意义十分突出。近年来土库曼斯坦因不合理的土地开发所造成的生态环境问题日益显现,不仅制约着当地的经济发展,同时也影响着我国西北部地区的生态环境演变。因而探究土库曼斯坦典型绿洲的土地利用变化及其生态系统服务价值的时空变化特征对于我国西北部地区环境策略的合理制定、提升我国在中亚地区生态环境保护和资源利用等研究领域的地位具有重要的现实意义。研究以土库曼斯坦境内的穆尔加布-捷詹绿洲为研究区,以1976-2011年的四期Landsat系列多光谱遥感影像为基础数据源,采用支持向量机分类方法(SVM)结合GIS空间分析技术对研究区近40 a间的土地利用和生态系统服务价值的时空变化进行了分析。结果表明:1976-2011年间,穆尔加布-捷詹绿洲土地利用处于发展阶段,土地利用程度呈增大的趋势;研究期内生态系统服务价值总体呈上升趋势,从63.45×108元增加到69.89×108元,增加了6.44×108元;林地、耕地、水域的生态系统服务价值是生态系统服务的主体部分,占整个系统的82.46%以上;该绿洲生态经济的发展处于协调水平的边缘,需要加大对该地区生态环境的保护力度。Turkmenistan is the hub of energy connecting China and the Middle East. It has vast mineral resources, oil and gas resources. The strategic significance is very prominent. In recent years, the ecological and environmental problems owing to unreasonable development has become apparent increasingly. It is not only restricts the develop- ment of the local economy, but also affects the evolution of the ecological environment in northwest of China. There- fore, the research on spatial and temporal changes of ecosystem services value and land use change of typical oasis in Turkmenistan can help China government in making a reasonable environment strategy. It has important research significance which can enhance China＇ s position in research areas of ecological, environmental protection and re- source utilization in Central Asia. An area of the Murghab-Tejen oasis in Turkmenistan was selected as an example for the study. This paper used the support vector machine （SVM） as a tool for classification of the Landsat-MSS da- tum in 1976 and Landsat-TM data in 1988,2001,2011 to evaluate the ecosystem values in study area. The results show that cultivated land is still a major land use type in study area, it is consistent with the position of the major ag- ricuhural area in Turkmenistan. The amount of cultivated land has increased mostly, and other unused land reduced mostly. The woodland, cultivated land, salinization land and sandy land have a growing tendency, and grassland, wa- ter area, other unused land have a decreased tendency between 1976 and 2011. The ecological services values ex- hibited an increasing trend from 6.345 ×10^8 Yuan to 6.989 ×10^8 Yuan from 1976 to 2011, also showed an increasing trend of woodland, unused land and cultivated land, which contributed to the overall increasing ecological services values dominantly, while the water area and grassland ecological services values decreased, which contributed to it negatively. The development of eco-economy in the Murghab-Tejen oasis has been on the ve

关 键 词：土地利用 生态系统服务价值 时空变化 土库曼斯坦 绿洲 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]