Proteoglycans: Road Signs for Neurite Outgrowth  

作　　者：Justin A.Beller Diane M.Snow 

机构地区：[1]Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center,The University of Kentucky

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2014年第4期343-355,共13页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the NIH(NS53470);the Kentucky Spinal Cord and Head Injury Research Trust(#10-11A);the Department of Defense,CDMRP(SC090248/W81XWH-10-1-0778)

摘　　要：Proteoglycans in the central nervous system play integral roles as ＂traffic signals＂ for the direction of neurite outgrowth. This attribute of proteoglycans is a major factor in regeneration of the injured central nervous system. In this review, the structures of proteoglycans and the evidence suggesting their involvement in the response following spinal cord injury are presented. The review further describes the methods routinely used to determine the effect proteoglycans have on neurite outgrowth. The effects of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are not completely understood as there is disagreement on what component of the molecule is interacting with growing neurites and this ambiguity is chronicled in an historical context. Finally, the most recent findings suggesting possible receptors, interactions, and sulfation patterns that may be important in eliciting the effect of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are discussed. A greater understanding of the proteoglycan-neurite interaction is necessary for successfully promoting regeneration in the iniured central nervous system.Proteoglycans in the central nervous system play integral roles as ＂traffic signals＂ for the direction of neurite outgrowth. This attribute of proteoglycans is a major factor in regeneration of the injured central nervous system. In this review, the structures of proteoglycans and the evidence suggesting their involvement in the response following spinal cord injury are presented. The review further describes the methods routinely used to determine the effect proteoglycans have on neurite outgrowth. The effects of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are not completely understood as there is disagreement on what component of the molecule is interacting with growing neurites and this ambiguity is chronicled in an historical context. Finally, the most recent findings suggesting possible receptors, interactions, and sulfation patterns that may be important in eliciting the effect of proteoglycans on neurite outgrowth are discussed. A greater understanding of the proteoglycan-neurite interaction is necessary for successfully promoting regeneration in the iniured central nervous system.

关 键 词：chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans heparan sulfate proteoglycans GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS protein core extracellular matrix neuronal growth cones axon outgrowth and regeneration spinalcord injury glial scar tissue culture 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]