不同气象因子及植被类型对矿区排土场扬尘的影响  

The effects of different meteorological factors and vegetation types on dust of mine dump

作　　者：潘德成[1] 孟宪华[1] 吴祥云[2] 王海旺[2] 李纯乾[1] 屈文文 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省水土保持研究所,朝阳122000 [2]辽宁工程技术大学资源与环境工程学院,阜新123000

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2014年第1期136-141,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家科技部科技支撑项目"采煤废弃地水土保持与生态修复关键技术应用研究(2006BAD03A0203)"资助

摘　　要：沙尘天气作为一种灾害性天气越来越受到社会关注。以阜新海州露天煤矿排土场16km2区域作为研究对象,以滞尘量指标为依据,采用主成分分析和通径分析方法,研究了8个气象因子和5种植被类型对区域扬尘的影响。结果表明:气象因子对扬尘有重要影响,且降水量对扬尘的影响最大,引起扬尘的主要气象因子是温度和最大风速,抑制扬尘的是降水量、相对湿度和蒸发量;植被措施是改善区域气候环境和抑制扬尘最有效的人工措施,与草地类型相比,林地类型的滞尘能力更强,且林地的林分密度和物种丰富度与滞尘能力呈正相关。不同植被类型的滞尘能力排序为:火炬林>刺槐林>紫穗槐林>白榆林>天然草地。Dust weather as a severe weather has been concerned widely.The study area is 16 km2of opencast dump in Haizhou mine of Fuxin.The effects of 8 meteorological factors and 5 vegetation types on dust were studied with principle components analysis and path analysis based on dust-detaining amount.The results show temperature and rainfall have larger impact on dust in all the meteorological factors,and rainfall index has the largest impact.The main factors caused dust are temperature and max wind speed.Rainfall,relative humidity and evaporation are the factors of dust limit.The most effective artificial measure is vegetation coverage to control dust.Woodland has a better capability of dust-detaining comparing with grassland.The woodland stand density and species richness are positive relevant to dust-detaining ability.Dust-detaining ability of different vegetation types is： torch forest locust forest various forest white elm forest grassland.

关 键 词：矿区排土场 气象因子 植被类型 滞尘量 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学]