生物质炭基肥对水稻生长及氮素利用率的影响  

Effects of Biochar Fertilizer on Growth and Nitrogen Utilizing Rate of Rice

作　　者：乔志刚[1] 陈琳[1] 李恋卿[1] 刘福礼 胡仁健 郑金伟[1] 俞欣妍[1] 王家芳[1] 潘根兴[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,南京210095 [2]安徽拜尔福生物科技有限公司,安徽池州247000 [3]贵池区秋江农业技术推广区域站,安徽池州247100

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第5期175-180,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"气候变化对农业生产的影响及应对技术研究"(200903003)

摘　　要：为了研究不同施肥处理对水稻产量、农学性状和氮素利用率等的影响。采用田间试验方法,设置生物质炭基肥(低氮量炭基肥,BCF1;高氮量炭基肥,BCF2)和常规复合肥(常规肥,CF)处理。研究结果表明,与常规复合肥相比,虽然BCF1处理施氮总量显著降低了30%,但对水稻产量无显著影响。BCF1处理谷草比最高,较CF处理显著提高了23.6%;BCF1处理水稻茎蘖成穗率为86.1%,较CF处理显著提高14.6%;施用生物质炭基肥氮素吸收利用率均有增加,而以BCF1处理最为显著达36.3%,较CF处理提高10.2%。氮素偏生产力和氮素收获指数仍以BCF1处理为最高,分别提高了37.4%～54.7%和6.3%～10.4%。生物质炭和化肥混合造粒施用可降低氮肥施用量,维持水稻正常产量,显著提高水稻氮素利用率,有效降低氮素的损失,具有较好的经济和环境效益和市场推广潜力。The aim was to investigate the effects of various fertilizations on rice yield, agronomic traits and nitrogen use efficiency. A field experiment was employed, two levels of biochar fertilizer （low total nitrogen, BCF1; high total nitrogen, BCF2） and conventional compound fertilizer （conventional fertilizer, CF） were set in this study. The result showed that there was no significant difference between CF and BCF1, though the nitrogen amount of BCF1 was lower than CF by 30%. The highest grain/straw ratio was observed in the treatment of BCF1 which was significant higher than CF by 23.6%; and earing percentage of BCF1 （86.1%） was significantly higher than CF. The nitrogen absorb and utilize rate was increased with the application of biochar fertilizer, while the rate under BCF1 （36.3%） was significantly increased by 10.2% compared to CF. The highest nitrogen partial productivity and nitrogen harvest index was also observed in the BCF1 treatment, and enhanced by 37.4%-54.7% and 6.3%-10.4% comparing with CF and BCF2 treatments. The application of biochar fertilizer could significantly improve rice nitrogen utilization rate, reduce nitrogen loss, maintain normal yield of rice, provide economic and environmental benefits and marketing spread potential.

关 键 词：生物质炭基肥 水稻产量 氮素利用率 茎蘖成穗率 生物炭 

分 类 号：X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S145.5[农业科学—肥料学]