马铃薯土传病原真菌拮抗放线菌的抗病促生作用  

Resistances of actinomycetes against potato soil-borne pathogenic fungi and their promoting effects

作　　者：陈杰[1] 汤琳[1] 郭天文[2] 谭雪莲[2] 魏晓丽[1] 王东胜[1] 何斐[3] 段佳丽[1] 薛泉宏[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [3]西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第1期111-119,共9页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：甘肃省农业生物技术研究与应用开发项目(GNSW-2009-20)

摘　　要：【目的】从26株供试拮抗放线菌中筛选对马铃薯土传病病原真菌立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）、茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）及硫色镰刀菌（Fusarium sulphureum）有较强拮抗性的高效生防放线菌菌株。【方法】采用皿内琼脂块法和发酵液抑菌试验筛选生防放线菌菌株;采用搭片法研究6株强拮抗放线菌对病原菌菌丝的溶解作用;放线菌发酵液浸种方法研究9株强拮抗放线菌发酵液的促生作用。【结果】①供试26株拮抗放线菌中,拮抗茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）、硫色镰刀菌（Fusarium sulphureum）和立枯丝核菌（Rhizoctonia solani）的放线菌分别为25,24和17株。②球孢链霉菌（S.globisporus）、球孢链霉菌球孢亚种（S.globisporus subsp.Globisporus）和锈赤蜡黄链霉菌（S.rubiginosohelvolus）均可溶解2株供试镰刀菌菌丝。③9株强拮抗放线菌的无菌发酵滤液均能抑制3株马铃薯病原菌的生长,其中多产色链霉菌1（S.polychromogenes 1）、球孢链霉菌球孢亚种（S.globisporus subsp.Globisporus）和锈赤蜡黄链霉菌（S.rubiginosohelvolus）的无菌发酵滤液对病原菌的抑菌率为45.1%~100.0%。④9株强拮抗放线菌无菌发酵滤液在适宜浓度下均可促进甜瓜种子胚根、胚轴的生长,其中多产色链霉菌1（S.polychromogenes 1）、球孢链霉菌球孢亚种（S.globisporus subsp.Globisporus）和锈赤蜡黄链霉菌（S.rubiginosohelvolus）无菌发酵滤液原液可使甜瓜种子胚根、胚轴长度较对照分别增加26.7%~67.0%和62.1%~104.5%。【结论】筛选出的多产色链霉菌1（S.polychromogenes 1）、球孢链霉菌球孢亚种（S.globisporus subsp.Globisporus）及锈赤蜡黄链霉菌（S.rubiginosohelvolus）兼具抗病促生作用,可作为马铃薯黑痣病及干腐病的生防放线菌,其实际的生防效果尚待进一步的盆栽及田间试验证实。tato soil-borne [Objective] This pathogenic fungi actinomycetes strains. [Method] study aimed at screening actinomycetes with strong resistance against po- （Rhizoctonia solani , Fusarium solani , and Fusarium sulphureum ） from 26 Agar block method and culture filtrate inhibitory test were conducted to screen actinomycetes. Building pieces on plate method was conducted to study the disintegration of patho- genic fungi hyphae by six actinomycetes strains with strong antagonistic abilities and soaking seed method was used to study the promotion effect of culture filtrate of nine actinomycetes with strong antagonistic a- bilities. [Result] （1） 25,24,and 17 out of the 26 tested actinomycetes had antagonistic effect on Fusarium solani ,Fusariurn sulphureum and Rhizoctonia solani, respectively. （2）S13,S14 and S24 could disintegrate the two tested Fusarium spp. hyphae strains. （3）Culture filtrates of all the tested nine actinomycetes could inhibit the growth of three potato soil-borne pathogenic fungi, and the inhibition rates of S. poZychrornoge- nes 1, S. globisporus subsp. Globisporus, and S. rubiginosohelvolus culture filtrates against pathogenic fungi were 45.1%--100.0%. （4）Cultrate filtrates of all the tested nine actinomycetes could promote the radicle and plumular growths of melon seeds with proper concentrations. The non-diluted cultrate filtrates of S. polychromogenes 1, S. globisporus subsp. Globisporus, and S. rubiginosohelvolus increased the radicle and plumular lengths of melon seed by 26.7 %- 67.0% and 62.1 %- 104.5%, respectively. [Conclusion] Three actinomycetes （S. polychromogenes 1,S. globisporus subsp. Globisporus, and S. rubiginosohelvolus） with antagonistic effect and promotion effect were obtained. They were suitable to control potato black scurf and potato dry rot diseases, but further study on practical application is needed.

关 键 词：马铃薯 土传病害 生物防治 放线菌 病原真菌 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学] S154.383[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]