西南山区采煤塌陷地生态服务价值分析——以重庆市松藻矿区为例  

Ecosystem Service Value in the Coal Mining Subsidence Area of Mountain Region,Southwest China——A Case Study in Songzao Mining Area of Chongqing City

作　　者：唐紫晗[1,2] 李妍均[1,2] 陈朝[1,3] 鲁嘉濠[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]外生成矿与矿山环境重庆市重点实验室(重庆地质矿产研究院),重庆400042 [2]煤炭资源与安全开采国家重点实验室重庆研究中心,重庆400042 [3]广东省生态环境与土壤研究所,广州410650

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2014年第2期172-178,2,共7页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国土资源部公益性行业科研专项项目"西南山地采煤塌陷地生态复垦技术开发与示范项目"(200911015-04)

摘　　要：为研究煤炭地下开采对土地生态服务功能价值的影响,基于千年生态系统评估(Millennium Ecosystem Assessment,MA)理论框架,采用机会成本法、影子工程法等方法,以典型西南山区采煤塌陷区——重庆松藻矿区1999年、2004年、2008年土地利用数据为基础,对西南山区采煤塌陷地生态系统服务价值变化进行了分析,评估的生态系统服务类型包括食物生产、气候调节、空气净化、水源涵养、控制侵蚀、废弃物处理、营养物质循环。结果表明:耕地的单位面积生态服务价值量最高,塌陷地的单位面积生态服务价值量较小,仅为耕地的47%;1999—2008年松藻矿区采煤塌陷地生态系统服务损失价值量不断增大,平均损失价值量占生态系统服务总价值量的10%;矿区生态系统服务价值降低的主要原因是采煤活动对土地资源的直接破坏,其次是采煤导致的土地利用类型之间的转换。土地复垦和生态恢复是解决矿区土地退化问题,实现矿区可持续发展的重要途径。To study the land ecological service value because of underground coal mining, under the framework of Millennium Ecosystem Assessment （MA）, by means of opportunity cost method and shadow project method, and based on the land use data of Songzao mining area in the year of 1999, 2004, 2008, which is the typical coal mining subsidence area of mountain region Southwest China, the dynamic valuation of ecosystem services of Songzao mining area was carried out in this paper, including food production, climate regulation, air regulation, water conservation, soil conservation, nutrient regulation, and waste degradation. The results show that farmland had the highest ecological service value in unit area, while coal mining subsidence area had the lower value which accounted for 47 percent of farmland. The loss of the economic value of eco-system services in the studied area increased gradually from 1999 to 2008, which accounted for 10% of the total value. The destruction of land resources by coal mining was the main factor affecting the reduction of the ecosystem service value in the studied area and shift of land use type resulted from coal mining was the secondary factor. Land reclamation and ecological restoration are the important approaches to attack the land degradation problem and to achieve sustainable development in the mining area.

关 键 词：生态系统服务价值 千年生态系统评估 西南山区采煤塌陷地 

分 类 号：X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]