耕作方式对圩区冬小麦温室气体排放通量的影响  

Effects on emission of greenhouse gas by different tillage treatments to winter wheat in polder areas

作　　者：江波[1] 杨书运[1] 马友华[1] 贺非[1] 左怀峰[1] 范东福 杨小兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源环境学院,合肥230036

出　　处：《安徽农业大学学报》2014年第2期241-247,共7页Journal of Anhui Agricultural University

基　　金：2011年公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201103039)资助

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究4种耕作方式（秸秆还田、保护性耕作、常规耕作和对照）对巢湖流域圩区农田生态系统冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）田C02、CH4和N20排放的影响。采用静态箱一气相色谱法对不同耕作处理下的C02、CH4和N20排放通量进行监测。结果表明：（1）不同耕作方式下的C02、CH4、N20的排放／吸收具有明显的季节性变化规律，各处理CO2的平均吸收通量之间无显著差异（P〈0．05），CH4、N20的平均排放／吸收通量之间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。（2）乳熟到蜡熟期是白天C02通量由负值向正值的转换期，和对照相比秸秆还田、保护性耕作、常规耕作的作物产量分别提高了3.3、1．5和3．9倍，且处理之间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）；（3）各种耕作处理下的CH4排放通量均在一0.3～0（mg·m^-2·h^-1）之间波动，与对照比较，保护性耕作累计吸收量要高16个百分点，相关分析显示，除秸秆还田外，各处理的CH4的吸收率与5cm土温之间呈显著正相关；（4）N20是麦田生态系统主要排放源，保护性耕作与对照相比N20排放率降低了12％，而秸秆还田、常规耕作与对照相比N20排放率分别增加了35％和61％；（5）与对照相比，秸秆还田、保护性耕作、常规耕作的N20单位产量排放量分别降低了4.31μ·g^-1、3．36μg·g^-1和2．70μg·g^-1。A field experiment was carried out at Chaohu Basin polder area to study the effect of tillage methods （straw application tillage, conservation tillage, conventional tillage and blank control） on CO2, CH4 and N20 emissions under winter wheat ecosystem. CO2, CH4, and N20 emission flux in each tillage treatment was observed by the static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques. The results indicated as follows： （1）There were significant seasonal variations of CO2, CH4 and N20 emission flux in each tillage treatment. The mean emission flux of CO2 had no significant difference, and CH4 and N20 had notable difference between the various treatments （P〈0.05）. （2） Day-time CO2 flux had a negative to positive translating period from milk-ripe stage to waxy ripe stage. Compared with the blank control, crop yield of straw application tillage, conservation tillage, conventional tillage was increased by 3.3, 1.5, and 3.3 times, respectively, and there were notable difference between the vari- ous treatments. （3） CH4 emission flux of the various treatments had a fluctuation from -0.3 to 0 mg·m^-2·h^-1, and compared with the blank control, the accumulative absorption of conservation tillage was increased by 16%. Cor- relation analysis showed that the absorption flux had a positive correlation with soil temperature of 5 cm depth excepting straw application tillage. （4） The main2013-07-16 emission source was N20 in wheat field ecosystem. Compared with the blank control, emission flux of the conservation tillage was reduced by 12%, but that of the straw application tillage and conventional tillage was increased by 35%, 35% respectively. （5） Compared with the blank control, the emission intensity （N2O e/t grain yield） of straw application tillage,conservation tillage, conventional tillage and conservation tillage were reduced by 4.31, 3.36 and 2.70 μg·g^-1, respectively.

关 键 词：圩区 冬小麦 温室气体 排放通量 耕作方式 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]