试论西周时期的周楚关系——兼论楚族居地变迁  

On the Relationship between the Chu State and the Zhou Empire in the Western Zhou Dynasty——also on the Transferring of the Habitats of the Chu Tribe

作　　者：高崇文[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院

出　　处：《文物》2014年第3期49-56,1,共8页Cultural Relics

摘　　要：本文通过对文献、铭文的梳理及相互印证,论述了西周时期周楚关系前后变化的史事及原因,同时探讨了楚人迁徙的路径。楚人最初活动于丹江流域,商末周初,楚归附于周,并常在宗周之地佐事周王。周成王时,因楚先祖佐周王有功,封熊绎居丹水之阳的"夷屯",承认熊绎在丹江地域的统治地位,楚正式建国立都。后因周楚交恶,为周所逼,熊渠之后沿汉水数次向东迁徙,至西周末熊仪徙居丹淅之汇的"鄀"地。Through the trimming of the historic literatures and the unearthed textual materials, this paper elucidated the historic events and their causes related to the changes of the relationship between the Zhou Empire and the Chu State during the Western Zhou Dynasty, and examined the routes of the migrations of the Chu people. Originally, the Chu people lived in the Dan River Valley and affiliated to the Zhou court around the transitional period between the Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty and usually assisted the Zhou court in the areas nearby the capital of the Western Zhou. In the reign of King Cheng of the Western Zhou, because of the merits of the ancestors of the Chu State for assisting the Zhou kings, Xiong Yi, the first king of the Chu State, was enfeoffed at ＂Yitun＂ on the north bank of the Dan River, by which Xiong Yi＇ s legal rule to the Dan River Valley was recognized and the Chu State was formally founded. After that, because of the worsening of the relationship between the Zhou court and the Chu State, the Chu people were pressed to move eastward along the Han River since the reign of Xiong Qu, the sixth generation of the Chu rulers; down to the end of the Western Zhou, Xiong Yi, the 15th generation of the Chu rulers, settled down in ＂Ruo＂ at the confluence of the Dan and Xi Rivers.

关 键 词：西周时期 变迁 楚族 传世文献 西周王朝 文字资料 部族 周人 

分 类 号：K224[历史地理—历史学]