湖北地区稻田甲烷排放量及控制措施的研究  

Methane Emission Flux from Paddy Fields and Its Control in Hubei

作　　者：林匡飞[1] 项雅玲[2] 姜达炳 胡球兰 李志红 杜道灯[3] 陶战[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院水生生物研究所,湖北武汉430072 [2]农业部环境质量监督检验测试中心(武汉) [3]农业部环境监测总站,天津300191

出　　处：《农业环境保护》2000年第5期267-270,共4页Agro-Environmental Protection

基　　金：农业部85环能-03-07课题!"我国不同地区稻田甲烷排放量及控制措施研究"的子题

摘　　要：通过田间试验 ,比较研究了施用有机肥 ,硫铵 ,包膜复合肥 ,尿素 +淹灌 ,尿素 +间歇落干5种处理对早、晚稻甲烷排放量的影响。测得5种处理的早、晚稻甲烷平均排放通量为:早稻4.39～15.6mg/m2·h ,平均值8.03mg/m2·h ;晚稻5.65～22.0mg/m2·h,平均值10.7mg/m2·h。从各种措施的效果来看 ,5种处理间存在显著差异 ,其中以施包膜复合肥处理效果最佳 ,与施有机肥比较 ,年甲烷排放总量减少73.4 %。包膜复合肥处理比施尿素处理年甲烷排放总量减少48.6 %。A field experiment with five treatments of applying organic manure, ammonium sulfate, coated film complex fertilizer, urea + flooding, and urea + periodical drying was carried out to study effect of CH4 emission from early rice and late rice paddies in Hubei in 1995. The average fluxes for early rice ranged from 4.39 to 15.6 mg/m2·h with a mean value of 8.03 mg/m2·h, while for late rice from 5.65 to 22.0 mg/m2·h with a mean of 10.7 mg/m2·h. The peaks of CH4 emission flux from 5 treated rice paddies occurred between the stages of late tillering and jointing for early rice, and another climate appeared in heading stage with manure treatment. For late rice, the peak appeared between the stages of midtillering and jointing. 55% of CH4 of total CH4 emissions through total growth period were produced in those peak periods. Therefore, this period may be chosen as a key control of CH4 emission. There were significant differences between 5 treatments for controlling methane emission. Applying compost has best effect on CH4 emission, it reduced CH4 emission by 73.4% annually, compared with applying manure, with increase of 13.3% of rice yield for early rice, and increase of 20.9% of rice yield for late rice. The treatment of film compost decreased 48.6% of CH4 emission more than applying urea annually.

关 键 词：稻田 甲烷 排放通量 控制措施 气相污染物 

分 类 号：X132[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X511.06