澜沧江-湄公河流域人口分布及其与地形的关系  

Population Distribution and Its Spatial Relationship with Terrain Elements in Lancang-Mekong River Basin

作　　者：游珍[1] 封志明[1] 姜鲁光[1] 杨艳昭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《山地学报》2014年第1期21-29,共9页Mountain Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.41271117);国家科技基础性工作专项基金项目(No.2008FY110300)~~

摘　　要：基于90 m×90 m数字高程模型(DEM)和1 km×1 km的人口密度栅格数据,采用GIS空间分析与数理统计方法,研究了澜沧江-湄公河流域的人口分布格局及其与高程、坡度、坡向和地形起伏度的关系。结果表明:1.澜沧江-湄公河流域人口分布呈北疏南密的基本格局,人口最为密集的区域位于南端的湄公河三角洲,源头杂多县则是大片无人区;2.澜沧江-湄公河流域人口密度随海拔由低到高经历了一个急降缓升又下降至尖灭的变化过程,人口总量随海拔呈现倒指数增长变化;3.澜沧江-湄公河流域80%强的人口集中分布在坡度≤2°的平坦区域,当坡度达到38°时,人口累积曲线趋于平稳;4.澜沧江-湄公河流域各坡向人口分布较为均衡,坡向对人口分布的影响不显著;5.澜沧江-湄公河流域人口密度与地形起伏度成倒指数关系,地形起伏度对人口分布的影响较为显著,流域内大部分人口分布于低起伏地区。Based on the STRM DEM （90 m ×90 m） and 1 km × 1 km population density raster data, using GIS spatial analyst and mathematical statistics method, this paper analyzed the population distribution in Lancang - Me- kong River Basin, quantified the relationship between population and topographical parameters, namely elevation, slope, aspect and relief degree of land surface （RDLS）. The results show that ： 1. The population distribution pat- tern of Lancang - Mekong basin is dense in southern areas and sparse in the northern areas. The most intensive area of population distribution is in the southern of the Mekong Delta, while Zaduo County in the source has large areas with no population; 2. The population density of Lancang - Mekong basin has experienced a variation process of rising slowly after dropping sharply and then declining again until die out with the elevations moving from low to high. The total population showed an inverted exponential growth with altitudes; 3. 80% population in Lancang Mekong basin concentrated in the fiat areas with slope gradient less than 2. When slope gradient reaches 38t, the population cumulative curve tends to be stable; 4. The distribution of population is balanced in each slope aspect of Lancang- Mekong basin, which indicates that slope aspect has no dominate influence on population distribution; 5. The population density and RDLS has an inverted exponential relationship in Laneang- Mekong basin. RDLS has an relatively significant influence on population distribution, the majority of population in the basin is located in regions with low relief degree of land surface.

关 键 词：澜沧江-湄公河 人口分布 地形 GIS 空间分析 

分 类 号：X144[环境科学与工程—环境科学]