贵州省布依族儿童神经心理发育分析  

Neuropsychological development of Buyi minority children in Guizhou province

作　　者：李璧[1] 韦泽珺[2] 刘建华[1] 王宏[1] 余瑶[1] 周向玲[1] 谭晓彦[3] 徐瑜芬[3] 

机构地区：[1]贵阳医学院附属医院预防保健科,贵州贵阳550004 [2]上海师范大学教育学院心理系 [3]贵阳医学院公共卫生学院

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2014年第4期465-468,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：贵州省科技厅社会攻关项目(黔科合SY字[2011]3027)

摘　　要：目的 了解贵州省布依族儿童的神经心理发育现状，为促进其健康成长提供科学依据。方法 在贵州省布依族聚居的册亨县、长顺县采用现况研究的方法，抽取6个月~6周岁的儿童200名，同时在以汉族为主的水城县、平坝县随机抽取217名儿童作为对照组，采用首都儿研所研制的《0-6岁小儿神经心理发育量表》进行智力发育测查。结果 布依族儿童5大能区发育商及总发育商均在正常范围，但存在不均衡现象，大运动发育商（100.73±13.54）明显优于其他方面，语言发育商（85.62±13.92）明显落后于其他方面（P〈0.01）；布依族男女童间智力发育无差异。2~12个月儿童总发育商最高（96.74±13.58），〉3岁儿童总发育商最低（84.47±9.07）（P〈0.01）。布依族儿童语言发育（85.62±13.92）商明显高于汉族儿童（76.39±15.10）（P〈0.01）；总发育商（91.38±11.28）高于汉族儿童（84.07±11.98）（P〈0.05）。布依族男童的适应能力、语言及总发育商均明显高于汉族男童（P〈0.01），社交行为发育商高于汉族男童（P〈0.05）；布依族女童除大运动发育商高于汉族女童（P〈0.05）外，其余各能区发育商二者差异均无统计学意义。布依族儿童智力低下段占2.00%，明显低于汉族儿童的9.22%（P〈0.01），正常段占64.50%高于汉族儿童的52.07%（P〈0.05）。除〉3岁年龄段布依族儿童适应能力（77.95±10.31）高于汉族儿童的（70.64±10.21）外（P〈0.05），其余各年龄段各能区发育商及总发育商差异无统计学意义。两民族儿童除大运动外，其余各能区发育商及总发育商均是小年龄段较高，大年龄段较低，〉3岁儿童语言和适应能力发育商到达低下边缘。结论 布依族儿童神经心理发育在正常水平，但有随年龄增长呈下降的趋势。大运动发育良好，无性别差异。Objective To examine neuropsychological development of Buyi minority children in Guizhou province and to provide scientific basis for improving the health of Buyi minority children.Methods A total of 200 Buyi children aged 6 months to 6 years were sampled from Ceheng and Changshun county heavily populated with Buyi residents and 217 Han children of the same ages from Shuicheng and Pingba county mainly with Han populations were selected as controls for a cross-sectional study.Neural and Psychological Development Scale for 0-6 Years Children compiled by Capital Children Research Institute was used in the survey.Results The general development quotient （DQ）and its 5 major domains were within normal range among the Buyi children,but the DQs showed an unbalanced distribution,with a markedly higher DQ for gross motor function （100.73±13.54）and an obviously lower DQ for language development（P〈0.01 for all）.No gender difference was observed in intelligence development among the Buyi children.For the Buyi children,the general DQ of 2-12 months old children （96.74±13.58）was the highest and that of children older than 3 years was the lowest（P〈0.01 for all）.The Buyi children had significantly higher language DQ （85.62±13.92 vs 76.39±15.10） and general DQ （91.38±11.28 vs 84.07±11.98）than the Han children （P〈0.05 for all）.Compared to the Han boys,the Buyi boys showed significantly higher DQs for adaptation ability,language,sociall behavior,and general development （P〈0.01 or P〈0.05）;the Buyi girls had a significantly higher DQ for gross motor function than the Han children.The rate of retardation was 2.00% among the Buyi children,which was significantly lower than among the Han children （9.22%）（P〈0.01）,and the proportion of the Buyi children with normal intelligence was significantly higher than that of the Han children （64.50%vs 52.00%,P〈0.05）.The score of adaption ability of Buyi children aged older than 3 years was higher than that of Han children of same ag

关 键 词：布依族 儿童 神经心理发育 发育商(DQ) 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]